Authors
Serge Savary,
Andrew Nelson,
Adam H. Sparks, and
Laetitia Willocquet, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines;
Etienne Duveiller and
George Mahuku, The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico D.F., Mexico;
Greg Forbes, International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru;
Karen A. Garrett, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA;
David Hodson, FAO, AGP Division, Viale Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy;
Jon Padgham, System for Analysis, Research and Training (START), Washington DC, USA;
Suresh Pande and
Mamta Sharma, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India; and
Jonathan Yuen and
Annika Djurle, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
Abstract
Climate change has a number of observed, anticipated, or possible
consequences on crop health worldwide. Global change, on the other hand,
incorporates a number of drivers of change, including global population
increase, natural resource evolution, and supply–demand shifts in markets, from
local to global. Global and climate changes interact in their effects on global
ecosystems. Identifying and quantifying the impacts of global and climate
changes on plant diseases is complex. A number of nonlinear relationships, such
as the injury (epidemic)–damage (crop loss) relationship, are superimposed on
the interplay among the three summits of the disease triangle (host, pathogen,
environment). Work on a range of pathosystems involving rice, peanut, wheat, and
coffee has shown the direct linkage and feedback between production situations
and crop health. Global and climate changes influence the effects of system
components on crop health. The combined effects of global and climate changes on
diseases vary from one pathosystem to another within the tetrahedron framework
(humans, pathogens, crops, environment) where human beings, from individual
farmers to consumers to entire societies, interact with hosts, pathogens, and
the environment. This article highlights international phytopathological
research addressing the effects of global and climate changes on plant diseases
in a range of crops and pathosystems.
