July
2010
, Volume
94
, Number
7
Pages
812
-
819
Authors
T. Sugimoto, Hyogo Agricultural Institute for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1533 Minamino-oka, Befu, Kasai, Hyogo 679-0198, Japan;
K. Watanabe, Hyogo Agricultural Institute for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and Tokyo University of Agriculture, Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan;
S. Yoshida and
M. Aino, Hyogo Agricultural Institute for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries;
M. Furiki and
M. Shiono, Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, 11-1 Ishikawa, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki 312-0057, Japan;
T. Matoh, Kyoto University, Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate school of Agriculture, Oiwake, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; and
A. R. Biggs, West Virginia University, Kearneysville Tree Fruit Research and Education Center, P.O. Box 609, Kearneysville, WV 25430
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Accepted for publication 19 February 2010.
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The effect of calcium compounds [Ca(HCOO)2-A and Ca(NO3)2] on the incidence of Phytophthora stem rot of soybean (Glycine max) cv. Tanbakuro was investigated in the field. Disease incidence in control plants in three fields naturally infested with Phytophthora sojae ranged from 11.7 to 52.0% at 140 days after transplanting. Independent of the pathotype diversity, 4 and 10 mM of the calcium compounds applied twice (prior to transplanting and 14 days after transplanting) significantly suppressed disease incidence and delayed onset. Ca(HCOO)2-A (Suicaru) was more effective than calcium nitrate for reducing disease incidence. In most cases, the calcium amendments increased plant height, number of nodes and pods, and seed yields, and reduced low-quality seeds. Scanning electron microscopy with fresh samples showed increased accumulation of calcium crystals around the cambium and xylem elements of soybean plants treated with 10-mM Ca(HCOO)2-A and Ca(NO3)2. Mycelial penetration was inhibited at these sites. These results indicated that calcium-rich areas may be more resistant to invasion by P. sojae, and the calcium crystals may play an important role in calcium ion storage and its availability for those tissues to maintain long-term field resistance.
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© 2010 The American Phytopathological Society
