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New sources of soybean cyst nematode resistance in ‘Forrest’ soybean identified through forward and reverse genetics
Zhou Zhou: Southern Illinois University; Naoufal Lakhssassi: Southern Illinois University; Shiming Liu: Southern Illinois University; Sadia Bekal: Southern Illinois University; Vincent Colantonio: Southern Illinois University; Kris Lambert: University of Illinois; Abdelali Barakat: University of South Dakota; Khalid Meksem: Southern Illinois University
<div>Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, <i>Heterodera glycines</i> Ichinohe) is the most economically destructive pathogen for soybean production worldwide. Although planting resistant cultivars is the primary management practice to control this pathogen, the mechanism of soybean [<i>Glycine ma</i>x (L.) Merr.] resistance to SCN remains unknown. In Peking-type soybean cultivar (cv.) ‘Forrest’, <i>rhg1</i> and <i>Rhg4</i> are two major quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling resistance to SCN. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenized ‘Forrest’ populations have been extensively and successfully used in both forward and reverse genetics approaches to study the function of SCN resistance genes in soybean. In this study, a total of 193 ‘Forrest’ mutant families was screened for their SCN female index (FI), from which 18 mutants were found susceptible to SCN (FI>10%). Five of the 18 mutants carried mutations in the <i>GmSHMT08</i>, a gene at <i>Rhg4</i> locus contributing SCN resistance, while four of them carried no mutations in both <i>GmSHMT08</i> and <i>GmSNAP18</i>, a gene conferring SCN resistance at <i>rhg1</i> locus. Our findings suggest that other gene(s) may play a role of SCN resistance in ‘Forrest’. The next-generation sequencing (NGS) is considered to identify EMS-induced mutations in novel candidate SCN resistance genes. Using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) to conduct SCN phenotype screening, <i>GmSNAP11</i>, a member of <i>GmSNAP</i> gene family sharing highly structural similarity with <i>GmSNAP18</i>, were identified to contribute to an additive resistance to SCN. Combined with the expression profiles and structural analyses, it is confirmed as a novel minor SCN resistance gene.</div>

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