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Common Names of Plant Diseases
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DisplayTitle
Diseases of Onion and Garlic
(
Allium cepa
L. and
A. sativum
L., respectively)
Page Content
Howard F. Schwartz, Lindsey J. du Toit, and Teresa Coutinho, collators (last update 8/30/15)
BACTERIAL DISEASES
Bacterial flower stalk and leaf necrosis
Pantoea agglomerans
(Beijerinck) Gavini et al.
(syns.
Enterobacter agglomerans
Beijerinck;
Erwinia herbicola
[Löhnis] Dye)
Pseudomonas marginalis
(Brown) Stevens
Bacterial internal brown rot of bulbs
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(Schroeter) Migula
Bacterial leaf spot and flower stalk necrosis
Pseudomonas
syringae
pv.
porri
Samson et al.
P. syringae
pv.
syringae
(van Hall) Janse
Bacterial leaf streak and bulb rot
Pseudomonas viridiflava
(Burkholder) Dowson
Bacterial soft rots
Dickeya chrysanthemi
(Burkholder et al.) Samson et al.
(syn.
Erwinia chrysanthemi
Burkholder et al.)
E. rhapontici
(Millard) Burkholder
Pectobacterium carotovorum
subsp.
carotovorum
(Jones) Waldee emend. Hauben et al.
(syn.
Erwinia carotovora
subsp.
carotovora
[Jones] Bergey et al.)
Pseudomonas marginalis
(Brown) Stevens
Center rot
Pantoea allii
Brady
P. ananatis
(Serrano) Mergaert et al.
(syn.
Erwinia ananatis
Serrano)
Enterobacter bulb decay
Enterobacter cloacae
(Jordan) Hormaeche & Edwards
Slippery skin
Burkholderia gladioli
pv.
allicola
(Burkholder) Young et al.
(syn.
Pseudomonas gladioli
pv.
alliicola
[Burkholder] Young et al.)
Sour skin
Burkholderia cepacia
(Palleroni & Holmes) Yabuuchi et al.
(syn.
Pseudomonas cepacia
[ex Burkholder] Palleroni & Holmes)
Xanthomonas leaf blight
Xanthomonas axonopodis
pv. allii (Dowson) Roumagnac et al.
(syn.
Xanthomonas campestris
pv.
allii
[Kadota et al.] Roumagnac et al.)
FUNGAL AND OOMYCETE DISEASES
Anthracnose
Colletotrichum coccodes
(Wallr.) S. Hughes
Black mold
Aspergillus niger
Tiegh.
Blue mold
Penicillium aurantiogriseum
Dierckx
(syn.
P. cyclopium
Westling)
P. citrinum
Thom
P. digitatum
(Pers.:Fr.) Sacc.
P. expansum
Link
P. funiculosum
Thom
P. hirsutum
Dierckx
(syn. P.
corymbiferum
Westling)
P. oxalicum
Currie & Thom
Botrytis brown stain
Botrytis cinerea
Pers.:Fr.
(syn.
Botryotinia fuckeliana
[de Bary] Whetzel)
Botrytis leaf blight
Botrytis squamosa
J. C. Walker
(syn.
Botryotinia squamosa
Vien.-Bourg.)
Botrytis rot of garlic
Botrytis porri
Buchw.
(syn.
Botryotinia porri
[van Beyma Thoe Kingma) Whetzel)
Cercospora leaf spot
Cercospora duddiae
Welles
Charcoal rot
Macrophomina phaseolina
(Tassi) Goid.
(syn.
Sclerotium bataticola
Taubenh.)
Diplodia stain
Lasiodiplodia theobromae
(Pat.) Griffon & Maubl.
(syns.
Botryodiplodia theobromae
Pat.;
Diplodia natalensis
Pole-Evans)
Downy mildew
Peronospora destructor
(Berk.) Casp. ex Berk.
Embellisia skin blotch and bulb canker of garlic
Alternaria embellisia
Woudenb. & Crous
(syns.
Embellisia allii
[Campan.] E. G. Simmons;
Helminthosporium allii
Campan.)
Flower and capsule blight
Botrytis aclada
Fresen.
(syn.
Botrytis allii
Munn)
Botrytis cinerea
Pers.:Fr.
(syn.
Botryotinia fuckeliana
[de Bary] Whetzel)
Botrytis squamosa
J. C. Walker
(syn.
Botryotinia squamosa
Vien.-Bourg.)
Fusarium basal rot
Fusarium oxysporum
f. sp.
cepae
(H. N. Hansen) W. C. Snyder & H. N. Hansen
Fusarium basal rot of garlic
Fusarium culmorum
(Wm. G. Sm.) Sacc.
(syns.
F. roseum
Lk. Emend Snyd. & Hans. ‘Culmorum’;
F. roseum
var.
culmorum
[Schwabe] Snyd. & Hans.)
Fusarium bulb rot of onion and garlic
Fusarium proliferatum
(Matsush.) Nirenberg ex Gerlach & Nirenberg
Fusarium damping-off
Fusarium equiseti
(Corda) Sacc.
F. oxysporum
f. sp. cepae (H. N. Hansen) W. C. Snyder & H. N. Hansen
F. proliferatum
(Matsush.) Nirenberg ex Gerlach & Nirenberg
(syn.
Cephalosporium proliferatum
Matsushima)
F. solani
(Mart.) Sacc.
F. subglutinans
(Wollenw. & Reinking) Nelson, Toussoun, & Marasas
F. tricinctum
(Corda) Sacc.
F. verticillioides
(Sacc.) Nirenberg
(syn.
F. moniliforme
J. Sheld.)
Leaf blotch
Cladosporium allii-cepae
(Ranoj.) M. B. Ellis
(syn.
Mycosphaerella allii-cepae
Jordan et al.)
Mushy rot
Rhizopus microsporus
Tiegh
R. stolonifer
(Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill.
(syn.
R. nigricans
[Ehrenb])
Mycelial neck rot
Botrytis byssoidea
J. C. Walker
(syn.
Botryotinia allii
[Sawada] W. Yamamoto)
Neck rot
Botrytis aclada
Fresen.
(syn.
B. allii
Munn)
Penicillium decay of garlic
Penicillium hirsutum
Dierckx
(syn.
P. corymbiferum
Westling)
Phyllosticta leaf blight
Phyllosticta allii
Tehon & E. Y. Daniels
Pink root
Setophoma terrestris
(H. N. Hansen) Gruyter, Aveskamp, & Verkley
(syns.
Phoma terrestris
[H. N. Hansen] Gruyter, Aveskamp, & Verkley;
Pyrenochaeta terrestris
[H. N. Hansen] Gorenz, J. C. Walker, & Larson)
Powdery mildew
Leveillula taurica
(Lév.) G. Arnaud
(syns.
Oidiopsis sicula
Scalia;
O. taurica
E. S. Salmon)
Purple blotch
Alternaria porri
(Ellis) Cif.
(syn.
Macrosporium porri
Ellis)
Pythium root rot
Globisporangium irregular
(Buisman) Uzuhashi, Tojo, & Kakish
(syn.
Pythium irregulare
Buisman)
P. coloratum
Vaartaja
Pythium seed rot and damping-off
Globisporangium irregulare
(Buisman) Uzuhashi, Tojo, & Kakish
(syn.
Pythium irregulare
Buisman)
G. mamillatum
(Meurs) Uzuhashi, Tojo, & Kakish
(syn.
P. mamillatum
Meurs)
G. paroecandrum
(Drechsler) Uzuhashi, Tojo, & Kakish
(syn.
P. paroecandrum
Drechsler)
G. rostratum
(E. J. Butler) Uzuhashi, Tojo, & Kakish
(syn.
P. rostratum
E. J. Butler)
G. spinosum
(Sawada) Uzuhashi, Tojo, & Kakish
(syn.
P. spinosum
Sawada)
G. sylvaticum
(W. A. Campb. & F. F. Hendrix) Uzuhashi, Tojo, & Kakish
(syn.
P. sylvaticum
W. A. Campb. & F. F. Hendrix)
G. ultimum
(Trow) Uzuhashi, Tojo, & Kakish
(syn.
P. ultimum
Trow)
Phytopythium vexans
(de Bary) Abad. De Coch, Bala, Robideau, Lodhi, & Levesque
(syn.
P. vexans
de Bary)
Pythium coloratum
Vaartaja
Pythium graminicola
Subraman.
Pythium torulosum
Coker & F. Patt.
Rhizoctonia seed rot and seedling disease
Rhizoctonia solani
J. G. Kühn
(syn.
Thanatephorus cucumeris
[A. B. Frank] Donk)
Rust
Puccinia allii
F. Rudolphi
Scape blight
Botrytis aclada
Fresen.
(syn.
Botrytis allii
Munn)
Botrytis cinerea
Pers.:Fr.
(syn.
Botryotinia fuckeliana
[de Bary] Whetzel)
Botrytis squamosa
J. C. Walker
(syn.
Botryotinia squamosa
J. C. Walker)
Sclerotinia rot
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
(Lib.) de Bary
Small sclerotial neck rot
Botrytis squamosa
J. C. Walker
(syn.
Botryotinia squamosa
J. C. Walker)
Smudge
Colletotrichum circinans
(Berk.) Voglino
(syns.
C. dematium
f. sp.
circinans
[Berk.] Arx;
Vermicularia circinans
Berk.)
Smut
Urocystis colchici
(Schltdl.) Rabenh.
U. magica
Pass.
(syn.
U. cepulae
Frost)
Soil-line rot
Botrytis aclada
Fresen.
(syn.
Botrytis allii
Munn)
Botrytis squamosa
J.C. Walker
(syn.
Botryotinia squamosa
J. C. Walker)
Southern blight
Athelia rolfsii
(Curzi) Tu & Kimbr.
(syn.
Sclerotium rolfsii
Sacc.)
Stemphylium leaf blight and stalk rot
Stemphylium vesicarium
(Wallr.) E. G. Simmons
(syn.
Pleospora allii
[Rabenh.] Ces. & De Not.)
Twister
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
(Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz.
(syn.
Glomerella cingulata
[Stoneman] Spauld. & H. Schrenk)
White rot
Sclerotium cepivorum
Berk.
NEMATODES (PARASITIC)
Lesion nematode:
Pratylenchus penetrans
(Cobb) Filipjev et Schuurmans Stekhoven
Needle nematode:
Longidorus africanus
Merny
Root-knot nematodes:
Meloidogyne chitwoodi
Golden et al.
M. graminicola
Golden & Birchfield
M. hapla
Chitwood
M. incognita
(Kofoid & White) Chitwood
M. javanica
(Treub) Chitwood
Stem and bulb (Bloat) nematode:
Ditylenchus dipsaci
(Kühn) Filipjev
Sting nematode:
Belonolaimus longicaudatus
Rau
Stubby-root nematodes:
Paratrichodorus allius
(Jensen) Siddiqi
P. minor
(Colbran) Siddiqi
NONINFECTIOUS DISEASES, DISORDERS, AND DAMAGE
Air pollution injury
Ozone
Basal plate splitting
Uneven irrigation; wide fluctuations in soil moisture and excess nitrogen fertility
Chemical damage
Herbicides, fertilizers, insecticides
Corkscrewing of leaves
Zinc deficiency in muck soils and in alkaline soils (pH > 7.5)
Environmental stresses
Hot and cold temperatures, hail injury, lightning injury, sunscald
Greening (of bulbs)
Exposure of bulbs to light, especially immature bulbs
Leaf variegation (Chimera)
Genetic abnormality
Nutritional disorders
Mineral deficiencies and toxicities
Pinking (of white onions)
Bruising during harvest or handling
Soil-related injury
Soil acidity, alkalinity (pH), and salinity
Splitting of external fleshy scales (of bulbs)
Excess nitrogen during bulb formation
Translucent and leathery scale (Watery scale)
Cause unknown
Waxy breakdown (of garlic)
Associated with high temperatures near harvest time
PARASITIC HIGHER PLANT
Dodder (
Cuscuta
spp.)
PHYTOPLASMA DISEASE
Aster yellows
Aster yellows phytoplasma
Onion yellows phytoplasma
VIRUS DISEASES
Garlic mosaic
Genus
Allexivirus; Garlic viruses A-D
(GVA, GVB, GVC, GVD),
Garlic virus X
(GVX),
Garlic mite-borne mosaic virus
(GMbMV),
Shallot virus X
(ShVX)
Genus
Potyvirus
;
Garlic common latent virus
(GCLV),
Garlic mosaic virus
(GMV),
Leek
yellow stripe virus
(LYSV),
Onion yellow dwarf virus
(OYDV),
Shallot latent
virus
(SLV)
Iris yellow spot
Genus
Tospovirus
;
Iris yellow spot virus
(IYSV)
Onion yellow dwarf
Genus
Potyvirus; Onion yellow dwarf virus
(OYDV)
YEAST DISEASE
Yeast soft rot
Kluyveromyces marxianus
(E. C. Hansen) Van der Walt
Healthy Plants • Healthy World
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