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Common Names of Plant Diseases
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DisplayTitle
Diseases of Lettuce (
Lactuca sativa
L.)
Page Content
K. V. Subbarao, R. M. Davis, R. L. Gilbertson, and R. N. Raid, primary collators (last update: 7/1/2017)
BACTERIAL DISEASES
Bacterial leaf spot (BLS)
Xanthomonas campestris
pv.
vitians
(Brown) Dye
Bacterial soft rot
Pectobacterium carotovorum
subsp.
carotovorum
(Jones) Hauben et al.
(syn.
Erwinia carotovora
subsp.
carotovora
(Jones) Bergey et al.)
Bacterial soft rot (Postharvest)
Pectobacterium carotovorum
subsp.
carotovorum
(Jones) Hauben et al.
(syn.
Erwinia carotovora
subsp.
carotovora
(Jones) Bergey et al.)
Pseudomonas marginalis
pv.
marginalis
Corky root
Rhizorhapis suberifaciens
et al.
Marginal leaf blight
Pseudomonas marginalis
pv.
marginalis
(Brown) Stevens
Varnish spot
Pseudomonas cichorii
(Swingle) Stapp
FUNGAL AND OOMYCETE DISEASES
Alternaria leaf spot
Alternaria sonchi
Davis
Anthracnose
Microdochium panattonianum
(Berl.) Sutton, Galea & Price
(syn.
Marssonina panattoniana
(Berl.) Magnus)
Black rot
Ceratocystis fimbriata
Ellis
& Halst.
Black root rot
Thielaviopsis basicola
(Berk. & Broome) Ferraris
(syn.
Chalara elegans
Nag Raj & W. B. Kendr.)
Bottom rot
Rhizoctonia solani
J. G. Kühn
(syn.
Thanatephorus cucumeris
(A. B. Frank) Donk)
Cercospora leaf spot
Cercospora apii
Fresen.
C. lactucae-sativae
Sawada
(syn.
C. longissima
Cugini ex Trav., illeg. hom.)
Damping-off, Pythium
Pythium dissotocum
Drechsler
P.
irregulare
Buisman
P. myriotylum
Drechsler
P. sylvaticum
W. A. Campb. & F. F. Hendrix
P. ultimum
Trow
P. uncinulatum
Plaats-Niterink & I. Blok
P. violae
Chesters & Hickman
Damping-off, Rhizoctonia
Rhizoctonia solani
J. G. Kühn
Downy mildew
Bremia lactucae
Regel
Plasmopara lactucae-radicis
Stangh. & Gilb.
Drop (Sclerotinia rot)
Sclerotinia minor
Jaggar
S. sclerotiorum
(Lib.) de Bary
Fusarium wilt (Fusarium root rot)
Fusarium oxysporum
f. sp.
lactucae
Matuo & Motohashi
Gray mold (Pre- and postharvest)
Botrytis cinerea
Pers.:Fr.
(syn.
Botryotinia fuckeliana
(de Bary) Whetzel)
Phoma leaf spot and basal rot
Boeremia exigua
(Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley
(syn.
Phoma exigua
Desm.)
P. tropica
R.
Schneid. & Boerema
Phytophthora stem and root rot
Phytophthora cryptogea
Pethybr. & Laff.
P. drechsleri
Tucker
P. lactucae
Bertier, H. Brouwer & DeCock
P. pseudolactucae
M. Z. Rahman et al.
Powdery mildew
Golovinomyces cichoracearum
(DC.) V. P. Heluta
(syn.
Erysiphe cichoracearum
DC.)
Pythium wilt and leaf blight
Pythium aphanidermatum
(Edson) Fitzp.
P. megalacanthum
de Bary
P. polymastum
Dreschsler
P. spinosum
Sawada
P. tracheiphilum
Matta
P. ultimum
Trow
P. uncinulatum
Plaats-Niterink & I. Blok
Rust
Puccinia dioicae
Magnus
(syn.
P. extensicola
Plowr. var.
hieraciata
(Schwein.) Arthur)
Septoria leaf spot
Septoria birgitae
Bedlan
S. lactucae
Pass.
Southern blight
Athelia rolfsii
(Curzi) C. C. Tu & Kimbr.
(syn.
Sclerotium rolfsii
Sacc.)
Stemphylium leaf spot
Stemphylium botryosum
f. sp.
lactucum
Padhi & Snyder
(syn.
Pleospora tarda
E. G. Simmons)
S. solani
G. F. Weber
Texas root rot (Phymatotrichum root rot, Cotton root rot)
Phymatotrichopsis omnivora
(Shear) Hennebert
(syn.
Phymatotrichum omnivorum
(Shear) Duggar)
Verticillium wilt
Verticillium dahliae
Kleb
.
V. isaacii
Inderb. et al.
V. klebahnii
Inderb. et al.
NEMATODES, PARASITIC
False root-knot
Nacobbus aberrans
(Thorne) Thorne & Allen
Lesion
Pratylenchus
penetrans
(Cobb) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven
Needle
Longidorus
africanus
Merny
Root-knot
Meloidogyne
arenaria
(Neal) Chitwood
M.
hapla
Chitwood
M. incognita
(Kofoid & White) Chitwood
M.
javanica
(Treub) Chitwood
Spiral
Rotylenchus robustus
(de Man) Filipjev
Stunt
Tylenchorhynchus
clarus
Allen
NONINFECTIOUS DISEASES, DISORDERS, AND DAMAGE
Ammonium toxicity
Physiological; excess ammonium levels during cool soil temperatures (<10–15
○
C)
Bird damage
Brown-headed cowbird (
Molothrus ater
Boddaert)
Great-tailed grackle (
Quiscalus mexicanus
Gmelin)
Horned lark (
Eremophila alpestris
L.)
House finch (
Carpodacus mexicanus
Statius Müller)
Red-winged blackbird (
Agelaius phoeniceus
L.)
White-crowned sparrow (
Zonotrichia leucophrys
J. R.
Forster)
Bolting
Physiological; prolonged high temperatures (35/25
○
C, day/night)
Brown stain
Physiological; excess carbon dioxide; occurs postharvest
Cold injury
Environmental; low temperatures (–2
○
to 1
○
C)
Hail injury
Environmental; hail storm during the early seedling stage or just before harvest
Heat injury
Environmental; high temperatures (>32
○
C) during seedling stages
Herbicide injury
Chemical; various classes of herbicides used in excess or under adverse environmental conditions
Lightning injury
Environmental; lightning strike at any crop stage
Pink rib
Physiological; rapid growth and/or higher than optimal postharvest storage temperatures (1.1–2.2
○
C); occurs postharvest
Rib discoloration
Physiological; high temperatures after the onset of heading
Russet spotting
Physiological; excess ethylene; occurs postharvest
Tipburn
Physiological; localized calcium deficiency and insufficient water uptake, high light intensity, warm temperatures, and high fertilization rates
Wind injury
Environmental; wind whipping followed by girdling of seedlings or soil particles in the heads at harvest
PARASITIC HIGHER PLANT
Broomrape
Orobanche
cernua
Loefl.
O. crenata
Forssk.
O
.
minor
Sm.
O. palaestina
Reut.
Phelipanche
aegyptiaca
(Pers.) Pomel
(syn.
O.
aegyptiaca
Pers.)
P. ramosa
(L.) Pomel
(syn.
O. ramosa
L.)
PHYTOPLASMA DISEASES
Australian lettuce phyllody
Faba bean phyllody phytoplasma group
Lettuce phyllody
Pigeon pea witches’-broom phytoplasma group
Lettuce yellows (Aster yellows)
‘
Candidatus
Phytoplasma asteri’
(syn. Aster yellows phytoplasma)
VIRUS DISEASES
Alfalfa mosaic
Genus
Alfamovirus; Alfalfa mosaic virus
(AMV)
Beet western yellows
Genus
Polerovirus; Beet western yellows virus
(BWYV)
Beet yellow stunt
Genus
Closterovirus; Beet yellow stunt virus
(BYSV)
Bidens mottle
Genus
Potyvirus; Bidens mottle virus
(BiMoV)
Broad bean wilt
Genus
Fabavirus; Broad bean wilt virus
(BBWV)
Cucumber mosaic
Genus
Cucumovirus; Cucumber mosaic virus
(CMV)
Dandelion yellow mosaic
Genus
Sequivirus; Dandelion yellow mosaic virus
(DaYMV)
Impatiens necrotic spot
Genus
Tospovirus; Impatiens necrotic spot virus
(INSV)
Lettuce big vein
Genus
Ophiovirus; Mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus
(MLBVV)
Genus
Varicosavirus
;
Lettuce big-vein associated virus
(LBVaV)
Lettuce chlorosis
Genus
Crinivirus; Lettuce chlorosis virus
(LCV)
Lettuce dieback
Genus
Tombusvirus; Tomato bushy stunt virus
(TBSV),
Moroccan pepper virus
(MPV)
Lettuce mosaic
Genus
Potyvirus; Lettuce mosaic virus
(LMV)
Lettuce mottle
Genus
Sequivirus;
Lettuce mottle virus (LeMoV)
Lettuce necrotic yellows
Genus
Cytorhabdovirus; Lettuce necrotic yellows virus
(LNYV)
Sonchus yellow net
Genus
Nucleorhabdovirus; Sonchus yellow net virus
(SYNV)
Sowthistle yellow vein
Genus
Nucleorhabdovirus; Sowthistle yellow vein virus
(SYVV)
Tobacco rattle
Genus
Tobravirus; Tobacco rattle virus
(TRV)
Tobacco ringspot
Genus
Nepovirus; Tobacco ringspot virus
(TRSV)
Tobacco streak
Genus
Ilarvirus; Tobacco streak virus
(TSV)
Tomato spotted wilt
Genus
Tospovirus; Tomato spotted wilt virus
(TSWV),
Groundnut ringspot virus
(GRSV),
Impatiens necrotic spot virus
(INSV),
Tomato chlorotic spot virus
(TCSV)
Turnip mosaic
Genus
Potyvirus; Turnip mosaic virus
(TuMV)
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