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Diseases of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.)

James J. Polashock, primary collator (last updated: 11/30/17)

Note: The diseases/disorders and their causal organisms/agents are known for all blueberries unless indicated as occurring primarily on highbush/rabbiteye (Vaccinium corymbosum/V. virgatum [syns. V. amoenum; V. ashei]) or lowbush (V. angustifolium and V. myrtilloides) blueberry.

ALGAL DISEASE

Algal stem blotch

Cephaleuros virescens Kunze ex Fries

BACTERIAL DISEASES

Bacterial canker

Pseudomonas syringae van Hall

Bacterial leaf scorch

Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al.

Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. subsp. multiplex Schaad et al.

Bacterial leaf spot

Burkholderia andropogonis (Smith) Gillis et al.

        (syn. Pseudomonas andropogonis (Smith) Stapp)

Crown gall

Agrobacterium rubi (Hildebrand) Starr & Weiss

        (syn. Rhizobium rubi (Hildebrand) Young et al.)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith & Townshend) Conn

        (syn. Rhizobium radiobacter (Smith & Townsend) Young et al.)

Stunt

‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ Lee et al., subgroup 16SrI-E

FUNGAL DISEASES

Alternaria fruit rot/Alternaria leaf spot and fruit rot

Alternaria spp.

Alternaria tenuissima (Nees & T. Nees:Fr.) Wiltshire

Anthracnose/Anthracnose fruit rot

Colletotrichum acutatum J. H. Simmonds

        (syn. Glomerella acutata Guerber & J. C. Correll)

Colletotrichum fioriniae (J. A. P. Marcelino & S. Gouli) R. G. Shivas & Y. P. Tan

        (syn. Glomerella fioriniae (J. A. P. Marcelino & S. Gouli) R. G. Shivas & Y. P. Tan)

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc.

        (syn. Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H. Schrenk)

Armillaria root rot

Armillaria gallica Marxm. & Romagn.

Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P. Kumm.

Armillaria solidipes Peck

        (syn. Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink)

Botryosphaeria stem blight

Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.:Fr.) Ces & De Not.

        (syn. Fusicoccum aesculi Corda)

Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl.

Neofusicoccum ribis (Slippers, Crous & M. J. Wingf.) Crous, Slippers & A. J. L. Phillips

Botryosphaeria stem canker

Botryosphaeria corticis (Demaree & M. S. Wilcox) Arx & E. Müll.

        (syn. Physalospora corticis Demaree & M. S. Wilcox)

Botrytis blight and fruit rot/Botrytis blossom blight

Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr.

        (syn. Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel)

Brown leaf spot

Septoria sp.

Cylindrocladium rot

Calonectria colhounii Peerally

        (syn. Cylindrocladium colhounii Peerally)

Calonectria ilicicola Boedijn & Reitsma

        (syns. Calonectria crotalariae (Loos) D. K. Bell & Sobers; Cylindrocladium parasiticum

        Crous, M. J. Wingf. & Alfenas)

Double spot

Dothichiza caroliniana Demaree & M. S. Wilcox

Exobasidium fruit and leaf spot (lowbush blueberry)

Exobasidium sp.

Exobasidium leaf and fruit spot (highbush and rabbiteye blueberries)

Exobasidium maculosum M. T. Brewer

Fusicoccum canker/Godronia canker

Godronia cassandrae Peck

        (syn. Fusicoccum putrefaciens Shear)

Gibbera twig blight

Gibbera vacciniicola (Dearn. & House) M. E. Barr

        (syn. Dothidella vacciniicola Dearn. & House)

Gloeocercospora leaf spot

Gloeocercospora inconspicua Demaree & M. S. Wilcox ex Deighton

Gloeosporium leaf spot and stem canker/Gloeosporium stem and leaf spot

Gloeosporium minus Shear

Leaf rust

In eastern North America:

Thekopsora minima P. Syd. & Syd.

        (syn. Pucciniastrum minimum (Schwein.) Arthur)

In western North America:

Naohidemyces vaccinii (Jørst) S. Sato, K. Katsuya, & Y. Hirats. ex Vanderweyen & Fraiture

        (syns. Pucciniastrum myrtilli Arthur; Pucciniastrum vaccinii (G. Winter) Jørst.)

Mummy berry

Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi (J. M. Reade) Honey

        (syn. Monilia vaccinii-corymbosi J. M. Reade)

Penicillium fruit rot

Penicillium spp.

Pestalotia fruit rot

Pestalotia spp.

Pestalotia vaccinii (Shear) Guba

Phomopsis canker/Phomopsis twig blight and fruit rot

Diaporthe vaccinii Shear

        (syn. Phomopsis vaccinii Shear)

Phyllosticta fruit rot/Phyllosticta leaf spot and fruit rot

Phyllosticta vaccinii Earle

        (syn. Botryosphaeria vaccinii (Shear) M. E. Barr)

Phytophthora root rot (see also Oomycete Disease)

Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands

Powdery mildew

Erysiphe vaccinii Schwein.

        (syns. Microsphaera alni (Wallr.:Fr.) G. Winter var. vaccinii (Schwein.) E. S. Salmon; Microsphaera penicillata (Wallr.:Fr.) Lév. f. vaccinii Jacz.; Microsphaera penicillata (Wallr.:Fr.) Lév. var. vaccinii (Schwein.) W. B. Cooke; Microsphaera vaccinii (Schwein.) Cooke & Peck)

Red leaf

Exobasidium sp.

Exobasidium vaccinii (Fuckel) Woronin

Septoria leaf spot (highbush, southern highbush, and rabbiteye blueberries)

Septoria albopunctata Cooke

Septoria leaf spot and stem canker (lowbush blueberry)

Septoria sp.

Silver leaf

Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.: Fr.) Pouzar

Sooty blotch

Discostroma spp.

Hormonema spp.

Microcyclospora spp.

Pseudocercospora spp.

Rhizosphaera spp.

Stem blotch

Cercospora sp.

Trichoderma fruit rot

Trichoderma spp.

Valdensinia leaf spot

Valdensia heterodoxa Peyronel

        (syn. Valdensinia heterodoxa Peyronel)

Witches’-broom

Pucciniastrum goeppertianum (J. G. Kühn) Kleb.

NEMATODES (PARASITIC)

Awl nematode

Dolichodorus heterocephalus Cobb

Cyst nematode

Meloidodera floridensis Chitwood, Hannon, & Esser

Dagger nematodes

Xiphinema americanum Cobb

Xiphinema chambersi Thorne

Xiphinema rivesi Dalmasso

Lance nematode

Hoplolaimus galeatus (Cobb) Thorne

        (syn. Hoplolaimus tylenchiformis Andrassy)

Pin nematode

Paratylenchus projectus Jenkins

Ring nematodes

Bakernema inaequale (Taylor) Mehta & Raski

        (syn. Criconema inaequale Taylor)

Crossonema menzeli (Stefanski) Schuurmans Stekhoven & Tenunissen

        (syn. Criconema menzeli (Stefanski) Taylor)

Mesocriconema ornatum Raski

Mesocriconema xenoplax (Raski) Loof & De Grisse

        (syns. Criconemoides xenoplax Raski; Criconemella xenoplax (Raski) Luc & Raski; Macroposthonia xenoplax (Raski) De Grisse & Loof)

Root-knot nematode

Meloidogyne carolinensis Eisenback

Root lesion nematodes

Pratylenchus crenatus Loof

        (syn. Pratylenchus pratensis (de Man) Filipjev)

Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven

Sheath nematodes

Hemicycliophora ritteri Brizuela

Hemicycliophora uniformis Thorne

Hemicycliophora vaccinium Reed & Jenkins

        (syn. Hemicycliophora gracilis Thorne)

Hemicycliophora vidua Raski

        (syn. Hemicycliophora similis Thorne)

Hemicycliophora zuckermani Brzeski

Spiral nematodes

Helicotylenchus dihystera (Cobb) Sher

        (syn. Helicotylenchus nannus Steiner)

Helicotylenchus erythrinae (Zimmermann) Golden

Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus Steiner

Rotylenchus goodeyi Loof & Oostenbrink

        (syn. Helicotylenchus goodeyi (Loof & Oostenbrink) Perry)

Rotylenchus robustus (de Man) Filipjev

        (syn. Rotylenchus uniformis (Thorne) Loof & Oostenbrink)

Stem nematode

Ditylenchus sp.

Stubby root nematodes

Paratrichodorus minor (Colbran) Siddiqi

        (syn. Trichodorus christei Allen)

Paratrichodorus renifer Siddiqi

Trichodorus aequalis Allen

Stunt nematodes

Merlinius joctus (Thorne) Sher

        (syn. Tetylenchus joctus Thorne)

Tylenchorhynchus claytoni Steiner

Tylenchorhynchus dubius (Butschli) Filipjev

Tylenchorhynchus maximus Allen

OOMYCETE DISEASE

Phytophthora root rot

Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands

PARASITIC PLANT

Dodder

Cuscuta compacta Juss. ex Choisy

PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS

Environmental disorders

Cold injury

Salt injury

Water stress

Nutritional disorders

Boron deficiency

Boron toxicity

Calcium deficiency

Copper deficiency

Copper toxicity

Iron deficiency

Manganese deficiency

Manganese toxicity

Magnesium deficiency

Nitrogen deficiency

Nitrogen toxicity

Phosphorous deficiency

Phosphorous toxicity

Potassium deficiency

Sulfur deficiency

Zinc deficiency

Pesticide toxicity injury

2,4-D

Diuron

Glyphosate

Hexazinone

Norflurazon

Paraquat

Simazine

Terbacil

VIRAL DISEASES

Blueberry latent spherical virus (BLSV)—genus Nepovirus; family Secoviridae

Blueberry latent virus (BBLV)—genus Amalgavirus; family Amalgaviridae

Blueberry virus A (BVA)—genus Closterovirus; family Closteroviridae

Fruit drop

Virus—possibly a new genus; family Caulimoviridae

Leaf mottle

Blueberry leaf mottle virus (BLMV)—genus Nepovirus; family Secoviridae

Mosaic

Blueberry mosaic associated virus (BlMaV)—genus Ophiovirus; family Ophioviridae

Necrotic ring blotch

Associated with Blueberry necrotic ring blotch virus (BNRBV)—genus Cilevirus; family unassigned

Necrotic ringspot

Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV)—genus Nepovirus; family Secoviridae

Peach rosette mosaic

Peach rosette mosaic virus (PRMV)—genus Nepovirus; family Secoviridae

Red ringspot

Blueberry red ringspot virus (BRRSV)—genus Soymovirus; family Caulimoviridae

Scorch

Blueberry scorch virus (BlScV)—genus Carlavirus; family Betaflexiviridae

Shock

Blueberry shock virus (BlShV)—genus Ilarvirus; family Bromoviridae

Shoestring

Blueberry shoestring virus (BSSV)—genus Sobemovirus; family unassigned

Tomato ringspot

Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV)— genus Nepovirus; family Secoviridae