July
2009
, Volume
22
, Number
7
Pages
849
-
856
Authors
Laura Chalupowicz,1,2
Isaac Barash,2
Mary Panijel,2
Guido Sessa,2 and
Shulamit Manulis-Sasson1
Affiliations
1Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel; 2Department of Plant Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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Accepted 9 March 2009.
Abstract
Gall formation by Pantoea agglomerans pv. gypsophilae is controlled by hrp/hrc genes, phytohormones, and the quorum-sensing (QS) regulatory system. The interactions between these three components were investigated. Disruption of the QS genes pagI and pagR and deletion of both substantially reduced the transcription levels of the hrp regulatory genes hrpXY, hrpS, and hrpL, as determined by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Expression of hrpL in planta was inhibited by addition of 20 μM or higher concentrations of the QS signal C4-HSL. The pagR and hrpL mutants caused an equivalent reduction of 1.3 orders in bacterial multiplication on bean leaves, suggesting possible mediation of the QS effect on epiphytic fitness of P. agglomerans pv. gypsophilae by the hrp regulatory system. indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cytokinin significantly affected the expression of the QS and hrp regulatory genes. Transcription of pagI, pagR, hrpL, and hrpS in planta was substantially reduced in iaaH mutant (disrupted in IAA biosynthesis via the indole-3-acetamide pathway) and etz mutant (disrupted in cytokinin biosynthesis). In contrast, the ipdC mutant (disrupted in IAA biosynthesis via the indole-3-pyruvate pathway) substantially increased expression of pagI, pagR, hrpL, and hrpS. Results presented suggest the involvement of IAA and cytokinins in regulation of the QS system and hrp regulatory genes.
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© 2009 The American Phytopathological Society