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Emerging Concepts in Effector Biology of Plant-Associated Organisms

¹Department of Disease and Stress Biology, The John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, U.K.; ²Plant Chemetics lab, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany; ³Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan; ⁴The Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K.

Plant-associated organisms secrete proteins and other molecules to modulate plant defense circuitry and enable colonization of plant tissue. Understanding the molecular function of these secreted molecules, collectively known as effectors, became widely accepted as essential for a mechanistic understanding of the processes underlying plant colonization. This review summarizes recent findings in the field of effector biology and highlights the common concepts that have emerged from the study of cellular plant pathogen effectors.