February
2006
, Volume
19
, Number
2
Pages
161
-
172
Authors
Péter G.
Ott
,
1
Gabriella J.
Varga
,
1
ágnes
Szatmári
,
1
Zoltán
Bozsó
,
1
éva
Klement
,
2
Katalin F.
Medzihradszky
,
2
,
3
Eszter
Besenyei
,
1
Arnold
Czelleng
,
1
and
Zoltán
Klement
1
Affiliations
1Department of Pathophysiology, Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Pf. 102, Hungary; 2Mass Spectrometry Facility, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6701 Szeged, Pf. 521, Hungary; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0446, U.S.A.
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RelatedArticle
Accepted 28 September 2005.
Abstract
Early basal resistance (EBR, formerly known as early induced resistance) is triggered by general bacterial elicitors. EBR has been suggested to inhibit or retard expression of the type III secretion system of pathogenic bacteria and may also prevent nonpathogenic bacteria from colonizing the plant tissue. The quickness of EBR here plays a crucial role, compensating for a low bactericidal efficacy. This inhibitory activity should take place in the cell wall, as bacteria do not enter living plant cells. We found several soluble proteins in the intercellular fluid of tobacco leaf parenchyma that coincided with EBR under different environmental (light and temperature) conditions known to affect EBR. The two most prominent proteins proved to be novel chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) that were transcriptionally induced before and during EBR development. Their expression in the apoplast was fast and not stress-regulated as opposed to many pathogenesis-related proteins. Nonpathogenic, saprophytic, and avirulent bacteria all induced EBR and the chitinases. Studies using these chitinases as EBR markers revealed that the virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, being sensitive to EBR, must suppress it while suppressing the chitinases. EBR, the chitinases, as well as their suppression are quantitatively related, implying a delicate balance determining the outcome of an infection.
JnArticleKeywords
Additional keywords:
avoidance,
innate immunity,
PAMP,
tolerance,
virulence.
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© 2006 The American Phytopathological Society