Pratylenchus vulnus was discovered in Taiwan during a general microbial population survey in two organic strawberry farms in 2017. The root lesion plant parasitic nematode was extracted from the symptomatic strawberry seedlings and the rhizosphere soil. Morphological measurements and the scanning electron microscope observations of both the adult females and males coincide with descriptions of the species. Molecular analysis of the multiple regions of the ribosome gene and the mitochondria COI gene sequences confirmed the morphological species identification and suggested the population was closely related to P. vulnus population reported from Italy. Nematode population density of the two farms were monitored for 14 months along with environmental factors including soil temperature, EC value and pH. The nematode population density was found positively correlating with soil temperature while negatively correlated with soil EC only when there are crops in the field between 20-30°C. Soil pH value only correlated with the population density when the soil temperature lays below 20°C or above 30°C. To our knowledge, this is the first study of P. vulnus population dynamics in strawberry field and the first distribution record of the species in Taiwan.