July
2010
, Volume
23
, Number
7
Pages
940
-
948
Authors
Jie Zhang,2
Haibin Lu,1,2
Xinyan Li,2,5
Yan Li,2
Haitao Cui,2
Chi-Kuang Wen,3
Xiaoyan Tang,5
Zhen Su,4 and
Jian-Min Zhou2
Affiliations
1College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; 2National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; 3Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; 4State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, China; 5Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, U.S.A.
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Accepted 23 March 2010.
Abstract
Pathogens induce pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in plants. PAMPs are microbial molecules recognized by host plants as nonself signals, whereas pathogen effectors are evolved to aid in parasitism but are sometimes recognized by specific intracellular resistance proteins. In the absence of detectable ETI determining classical incompatible interactions, basal resistance exists during compatible and nonhost interactions. What triggers the basal resistance has remained elusive. Here, we provide evidence that ETI contributes to basal resistance during both compatible and nonhost Arabidopsis--Pseudomonas syringae interactions. Mutations in RAR1 and NDR1, two genes required for ETI, compromise basal resistance in both compatible and nonhost interactions. Complete nonhost resistance to P. syringae pv. tabaci required a functional type III secretion system. PTI appears to play a greater role in nonhost resistance than basal resistance during compatible interactions, because abrogation of PTI compromises basal resistance during nonhost but not compatible interactions. Strikingly, simultaneous abrogation of ETI and flagellin-induced PTI rendered plants completely susceptible to the nonadapted bacterium P. syringae pv. tabaci, indicating that ETI and PTI act synergistically during nonhost resistance. Thus, both nonhost resistance and basal resistance to virulent bacteria can be unified under PTI and ETI.
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© 2010 The American Phytopathological Society