Diseases of Wheat
(Triticum spp. L.)

M. V. Wiese, T. D. Murray, and R. L. Forster, primary collators (last update 12/18/00)

BACTERIAL DISEASES

Bacterial leaf blight

Pseudomonas syringae subsp. syringae van Hall 1902

Bacterial mosaic

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. tessellarius (Carlson and Vidaver 1982) Davis et al. 1984

Bacterial sheath rot

Pseudomonas fuscovaginae (ex Taniiet al.) Miyajima et al. 1983

Basal glume rot

Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens (McCulloch 1920) Young et al. 1978

Black chaff = bacterial streak

Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens (Jones et al. 1917) Dye 1978

Pink seed

Erwinia rhapontici (Millard 1924) Burkholder 1948 emend. Hauben et al. 1998

Spike blight = gummosis

Rathayibacter tritici (Carlson and Vidaver 1982) Zgurskaya
    et al. 1993

= Clavibacter tritici (Carlson and Vidaver 1982) Davis et al.

    1984

= Corynebacterium michiganense pv. tritici (Hutchinson
    1917) Dye & Kemp 1977

Clavibacter iranicus (Carlson and Vidaver 1982) Davis et al.

    1984

Alternaria leaf blight

Alternaria triticina Prasada & Prabhu

Anthracnose

Colletotrichum graminicola (Ces.) G.W. Wils.

    Glomerella graminicola Politis [teleomorph]

Ascochyta leaf spot

Ascochyta tritici S. Hori & Enjoji

Aureobasidium decay

Microdochium bolleyi (R. Sprague) DeHoog &

    Hermanides-Nijhof

= Aureobasidium bolleyi (R. Sprague) Arx

Black head molds = sooty molds

Alternaria spp.

Cladosporium spp.

Epicoccum spp.

Sporobolomyces spp.

Stemphylium spp.

and other genera

Black point = kernel smudge

associated with various fungi and physiological circumstances

Cephalosporium stripe

Hymenula cerealis Ellis & Everh.

= Cephalosporium gramineum Nisikado & Ikata in Nisikado
    et al

Common bunt = stinking smut

T. tritici (Bjerk.) G. Wint. in Rabenh.

= Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul. & C. Tul.

T. laevis Kühn in Rabenh.

= T. foetida (Wallr.) Liro

Common root rot

Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker

    Cochliobolus sativus (Ito & Kuribayashi) Drechs. Ex Dast.

    [teleomorph]

Cottony snow mold

Coprinus psychromorbidus Redhead & Traquair

Crown rot = foot rot, seedling blight, dryland root rot

Fusarium spp.

F. pseudograminearum O’Donnell et. T. Aoki sp. nov.

Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch

    F. graminearum Schwabe, Group II [anamorph]

G. avenacea R.J. Cook

    F. avenaceum (Fr.:Fr.) Sacc. [anamorph]

F. culmorum (W.G. Smith) Sacc.

Dilophospora leaf spot = twist

Dilophospora alopecuri (Fr.)Fr.

Downy mildew = crazy top

Sclerophthora macrospora (Sacc.)Thirumalachar et al.

Dwarf bunt

Tilletia controversa Kühn in Rabenh

Ergot

Claviceps purpurea (Fr.:Fr.) Tul.

    Sphacelia segetum Lév. [anamorph]

Eyespot = foot rot, strawbreaker

Tapesia yallundae Wallwork & Spooner

    Ramulispora herpotrichoides (From) Arx [anamorph]

= Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton

T. acuformis (Boerema, Pieters & Hamers) Crous

    Ramulispora acuformis (Nirenberg) Crous [anamorph]

= Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides var. acuformis Nirenberg

False eyespot

Gibellina cerealis Pass.

Flag smut

Urocystis agropyri (G. Preuss) Schrot.

Foot rot = dryland foot rot

Fusarium spp.

Halo spot

Pseudoseptoria donacis (Pass.) Sutton

= Selenophoma donacis (Pass.) R. Sprague & A.G. Johnson

Karnal bunt = partial bunt

Tilletia indica Mitra

= Neovossia indica (M. Mitra) Mundk.

Leaf rust

   = brown rust

Puccinia triticina Eriks.

= P. recondita Roberge ex Desmaz. f. sp. tritici (Eriks. &

    E. Henn.) D.M. Henderson

P. tritici-duri Viennot-Bourgin

Leptosphaeria leaf spot

Phaeosphaeria herpotrichoides (De Not.) L. Holm

= Leptosphaeria herpotrichoides De Not.

    Stagonospora sp. [anamorph]

Loose smut

Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr.

= U. segetum tritici, U. segetum nuda, U. segetum avena

Microscopica leaf spot

Phaeosphaeria microscopica (P. Karst.) O. Eriksson

= Leptosphaeria microscopica P. Karst

Phoma spot

Phoma spp.

P. glomerata (Corda) Wollenweb. & Hochapfel

P. sorghina (Sacc.) Boerema et al.

= P. insidiosa Tassi

Pink snow mold = Fusarium patch

Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels & I.C. Hallett

= Fusarium nivale Ces. ex Berl. & Voglino

    Monographella nivalis (Schaffnit) E. Müller [teleomorph]

Platyspora leaf spot

Clathrospora pentamera (P. Karst.) Berl.

= Platyspora pentamera (P. Karst.) Wehmeyer

Powdery mildew

Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal

Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer

= E. graminis DC.

    Oidium monilioides (Nees) Link [anamorph]

Pythium root rot

Pythium aphanidermatum (Edison) Fitzp.

P. arrhenomanes Drechs.

P. graminicola Subramanian

P. myriotylum Drechs

P. volutum Vanterpool & Truscot

Rhizoctonia root rot

Rhizoctonia solani Kühn

    Thanatephorus cucumeris (A. B. Frank) Donk
    [teleomorph]

Ring spot = Wirrega blotch

Pyrenophora semeniperda (Brittlebank & Adam)
    Schoemaker

= Drechslera campanulata (Lev.) Sutton

D. wirreganesis Wallbork, Lichon & Sivanesan

Scab = head blight

Fusarium spp.

Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch

    Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, Group II [anamorph]

G. avenacea R.J. Cook

    F. avenaceum (Fr.:Fr.) Sacc. [anamorph]

F. culmorum (Wm. G. Sm.) Sacc.

Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels & I.C. Hallett

= F. nivale Ces ex Berl. & Voglino

    Monographella nivale (Schaffnit) E. Müller [teleomorph]

Sclerotinia snow mold = snow scald

Myriosclerotinia borealis (Bubák & Vleugel) L.M. Kohn

= Sclerotinia borealis Bubák & Vleugel

Sclerotium wilt (see Southern blight)

Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.

    Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough [teleomorph]

Septoria blotch

Septoria tritici Roberge in Desmaz.

    Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) J. Schröt. In

    Cohn [teleomorph]

Sharp eyespot

Rhizoctonia cerealis Van der Hoeven

    Ceratobasidium cereale D. Murray & L.L. Burpee

    [teleomorph]

Snow rot

Pythium spp.

P. aristosporum Vanterpool

P. iwayamai Ito

P. okanoganense Lipps

Southern blight = Sclerotium base rot

Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.

    Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough [teleomorph]

Speckled snow mold = gray snow mold or Typhula blight

Typhula idahoensis Remsberg

T. incarnata Fr.

T. ishikariensis Imai

T. ishikariensis Imai var. canadensis Smith & Arsvoll

Spot blotch

Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.)Shoemaker

Stagonospora blotch

Phaeosphaeria avenaria (G.F. Weber) O. Eriksson f. sp. triticea T. Johnson

    Stagonospora avenae (A. B. Frank) Bissett f. sp. tritica

    T. Johnson [anamorph]

= Septoria avenae A. B. Frank f. sp. triticea T. Johnson

Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müller) Hedjaroude

    Stagonospora nodorum (Berk.) Castellani & E.G.
    Germano [anamorph]

= Septoria nodorum (Berk.) Berk. in Berk. & Broome

Stem rust = black rust

Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers.

= P. graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.

Storage molds

Aspergillus spp.

Penicillium spp.

and others

Stripe rust = yellow rust

Puccinia striiformis Westend.

    Uredo glumarum J.C. Schmidt [anamorph]

Take-all

Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx & D. Olivier var.
    tritici J. Walker

G. graminis (Sacc.) Arx & D. Olivier var. avenae (E. M.
    Turner) Dennis

Tan spot = yellow leaf spot, red smudge

Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs.

    Drechslera tritici-repentis (Died.) Shoemaker [anamorph]

Tar spot

Phyllachora graminis (Pers.:Fr.) Nitschke

    Linochora graminis (Grove) D. G. Parbery [anamorph]

Zoosporic root rot

Lagena radicicola Vant & Ledingham

Ligniera pilorum Fron & Gaillat

Olpidium brassicae (Woronin) Dang.

Rhizophydium graminis Ledingham

Bulb and stem nematode

Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn) Filepjev

Cereal cyst nematode

Heterodera avenae Wollenweber

Dagger, American nematode

Xiphinema americanum Cobb

Grass cyst nematode

Punctodera punctata (Thorne) Mulvey & Stone

Lesion nematode

Pratylenchus spp.

P. thornei Sher & Allen

P. neglectus (Rensch et al.) Filepjev

Ring nematode

Criconemella spp.

Root gall nematode

Subanguina spp.

S. radicicola (Greeff) Paramonov

Root-knot nematode

Meloidogyne spp.

M. naasi Franklin

M. chitwoodi Santos

Seed gall (wheat gall) nematode

Anguina tritici (Steinbuch) Chitwood

Spiral nematode

Helicotylenchus spp.

Stubby-root nematode

Paratrichodorus spp.

P. minor (Colbran) Siddiqi

Stunt nematode

Merliniusbrevidens (Allen) Siddiqi

African cereal streak

see Maize streak

Agropyron mosaic

genus Rymovirus, Agropyron mosaic virus (AgMV)

Australian wheat striate mosaic

see Chloris striate mosaic

Barley stripe mosaic

genus Hordeivirus, Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)

Barley yellow dwarf

genus Luteovirus, Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)

Barley yellow streak mosaic

Barley yellow streak mosaic virus

Barley yellow striate mosaic

genus Cytorhabdovirus, Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV)

Barley yellow stripe

see Barley stripe mosaic

Brome mosaic

genus Bromovirus, Brome mosaic virus (BMV)

Cereal northern mosaic

genus Cytorhabdovirus, Cereal northern mosaic virus (NCMV)

Cereal tillering

Cereal tillering reovirus

Chloris striate mosaic

genus Monogeminivirus, Chloris striate mosaic virus (CSMV)

Cocksfoot mottle

genus Sobemovirus, Cocksfoot mottle virus (CoMV)

Eastern wheat striate

Eastern wheat striate virus

Enanismo

Probable virus or phytoplasma

High plains disease

Probable virus. Vectored by wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella

Maize streak

genus Monogeminivirus, Maize streak virus (MSV)

Northern cereal mosaic

genus Cytorhabdovirus, Cereal northern mosaic virus (NCMV)

Oat sterile dwarf

genus Fijivirus, Oat sterile dwarf virus (OSDV)

Rice black-streaked dwarf

genus Fijivirus, Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV)

Rice hoja blanca

genus Tenuivirus, Rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV)

Russian winter wheat mosaic

genus Cytorhabdovirus, Russian winter wheat mosaic virus (WWRMV)

Seedborne wheat yellows

Seedborne wheat yellows viroid

Tobacco mosaic

genus Tobamovirus, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)

Wheat American striate mosaic

genus Nucleorhabdovirus, Wheat American striate mosaic virus (WASMV)

Wheat chlorotic streak, = Wheat chlorotic streak mosaic

see Barley yellow striate mosaic

Wheat dwarf

genus Monogeminivirus, Wheat dwarf virus (WDV)

Wheat European striate mosaic

genus Tenuivirus, Wheat European striate mosaic virus (EWSMV)

Wheat rosette stunt

see Cereal northern mosaic

Wheat soilborne mosaic

genus Furovirus, Wheat soilborne mosaic virus (SBWMV)

Wheat soilborne yellow mosaic

Wheat soilborne yellow mosaic bymovirus

Wheat spindle streak mosaic

a strain of Wheat yellow mosaic bymovirus

Wheat spot mosaic

Probable virus or phytoplasma

Wheat streak mosaic

genus Rymovirus, Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV)

Wheat striate mosaic

see Wheat American striate mosaic

Wheat yellow leaf

genus Closterovirus, Wheat yellow leaf virus (WYLV)

Wheat yellow mosaic

Wheat yellow mosaic bymovirus

= Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus

Aster yellows

Aster yellows phytoplasma

Witchweeds

Striga spp.

S. lutea Lour.

= S. asiatica (L.) Kuntze