Diseases of Elm (Ulmus spp.)

R. Jay Stipes, primary collator (last update 3/8/93)

BACTERIAL DISEASES

Bacterial wetwood: Enterobacter nimipressuralis (Carter) Brenner et al.; = Erwinia nimipressuralis Carter; Bacillus megaterium de Bary; Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula
Discoloration (xylem): Bacteria
Elm leaf scorch: Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al.

FUNGAL DISEASES

Anthracnose: Asteroma inconspicuum (Cavara) Sutton; = Gloeosporium inconspicuum Cavara; G. ulmicola L.E. Miles
Armillaria root rot (shoestring root rot): Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P. Kumm.; (anamorph: Rhizomorpha subcorticalis Pers.)
Blackspot: Asteroma ulmeum (L.E. Miles) Sutton; = Gloeosporium ulmeum L.E. Miles; (teleomorph: Stegophora ulmea (Schwein.:Fr.) Syd. &
P. Syd. = Gnomonia ulmea (Schwein.:Fr.) Thuem.)
Botryodiplodia canker: Sphaeropsis ulmicola Ellis & Everh.; = Botryodiplodia hydrodermia (Sacc.) Petr.
Botryosphaeria canker: Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.:Fr.) Ces. & DeNot.; (anamorph: Fusicoccum aesculi Corda)
British tar spot: Dothidella ulmi (Duval:Fr.) Theiss. & Syd.
Chalara root rot: Chalara thielavioides (Peyronel) Nag Raj & Kendrick
Coniothyrium canker: Coniothyrium spp.; C. celtidis-australis (Sacc.) Biga; C. fuckelii Sacc.; (teleomorph: Diapleella coniothyrium (Fuckel) Barr)
Cytospora canker: Cytospora chrysosperma (Pers.:Fr.) Fr.; (teleomorph: Valsa sordida Nitschke); C. leucosperma (Pers.:Fr.) Fr.; = C. ambiens Sacc.; (teleomorph: V. ambiens (Pers.:Fr.) Fr.); C. nivea Sacc.; (teleomorph: Leucostoma nivea (Hoffm.:Fr.) Hohn.)
Cytosporina canker: Cytosporina ludibunda Sacc.
Damping-off, Fusarium: Fusarium spp.
Damping-off, Pythium: Pythium ultimum Trow
Damping-off, Rhizoctonia: Rhizoctonia solani Kühn; (teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris (A.B. Frank) Donk)
Decay (xylem): Trametes versicolor (L.:Fr.) Pilat; = Coriolus versicolor (L.:Fr.) Quel.; Flammulina velutipes (Curtis:Fr.) Singer; Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat.; = Fomes applanatus (Pers.) Gill.; Phellinus spp.; = Fomes spp.; Pleurotus spp.; Polyporus squamosus (Huds.:Fr.) Fr.; Other basidiomycetes
Discoloration (xylem): Deuteromycetes
Dothiorella canker and wilt: Dothiorella ulmi Verrall & May
Dutch elm disease: Ophiostoma ulmi (Buisman) Nannf.; = Ceratocystis ulmi (Buisman) C. Moreau; (anamorph: Pesotum ulmi (M.B. Schwarz) J.L. Crane
& Schoknecht; = Graphium ulmi M.B. Schwarz); O. novo-ulmi C. Brasier
Leaf blister: Taphrinaulmi (Fuckel) Johans.
Mistletoe (infection): Phoradendron serotinum (Raf.) M.C. Johnst.; = P. flavescens (Pursh) Nutt.; P. tomentosum (DC.) Wiens; Viscum album L.
Nectria canker: Nectria spp.; N. cinnabarina (Tode:Fr.) Fr.; (anamorph: Tubercularia vulgaris Tode:Fr.); N. coccinea (Pers.:Fr.) Fr.; (anamorph: Cylindrocarpon candidum (Link) Wollenw.); N. ditissima Tul. & C. Tul.; (anamorph: C. willkommii (Lindau) Wollenweb.); N. galligena Bres. in Strass.; (anamorph: C. heteronemum (Berk. & Broome) Wollenw.)
Phoma canker: Phoma glomerata (Corda) Wollenweb. & Hochapfel; = P. conidiogena Schegg
Phomopsis canker: Phomopsis oblonga (Desmaz.) Traverso; (teleomorph: Diaporthe eres Nitschke)
Phymatotrichum root rot (cotton root rot): Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (Duggar) Hennebert; = Phymatotrichum omnivorum Duggar
Phytophthora canker (pit canker): Phytophthora inflata Caroselli & Tucker
Phytophthora root rot: Phytophthora megasperma Drechs.
Powdery mildew: Microsphaera penicellata (Wallr.:Fr.) Lev.; = M. alni (Wallr.:Fr.) G. Wint.; Phyllactinia angulata (E.S. Salmon) S. Blumer; = P. corylea (Pers.) P. Karst. var. angulata E.S. Salmon; P. guttata (Wallr.:Fr.) Lev.; (anamorph: Oidium sp.); Uncinula macrospora Peck; U. parvula Cooke & Peck; Uncinuliella flexuosa (Peck) U. Braun
Schizoxylon canker: Schizoxylon microsporum Davidson & Lorenz
Sooty mold: Perisporiaceae (Ascomycetes): numerous dark-spored fungi imperfecti
Thyrostroma canker: Stigmina compacta (Sacc.) M.B. Ellis; = Thyrostroma compactum (Sacc.) Hohn.
Tubercularia canker: Tubercularia ulmea J.C. Carter
Verticillium wilt: Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berthier; V. dahlia Kleb.
Violet root rot: Helicobasidium brebissonii (Desmaz.) Donk; (anamorph: Rhizoctonia crocorum (Pers.: Fr.) DC.)

MISCELLANEOUS DISEASES OR DISORDERS

Discoloration (xylem): Actinomycetes

NEMATODES, PARASITIC

Lance: Hoploliamus spp.
Ring: Criconemella spp.
Root-knot: Meloidoglyne spp.
Spiral: Helicotylenchus spp.
Stunt: Tylenchorhynchus spp.

VIRUS DISEASES

(Also mycoplasmalike organisms [MLO])

Elm mosaic: Elm mosaic virus
Elm mottle: Elm mottle virus
Elm stripe: Viruslike
Elm witches' broom: MLO (graft-transmissible)
Elm yellows (phloem necrosis): MLO (graft-transmissible)
Zonate canker: Virus (graft-transmissible)