Diseases of Almond
(Prunus dulcis (Mill.) Webb)

M. Ogawa, J. K. Uyemoto, and B. A. Jaffee, primary collators; updated by B. L. Teviotdale (last update 7/16/01)

BACTERIAL DISEASES

Almond leaf scorch

Xylella fastidiosa Wells, Raju, Hung, Weisberg, Mandelco-Paul & Brenner 1995

Bacterial canker

Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall 1902

Bacterial hyperplastic canker

Pseudomonas amygdali Psallidas and Panagopoulos 1975

Bacterial spot

Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni (Smith 1903) Dye 1978

Crown gall

Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend 1907) Conn 1942

Kernel decay

Aspergillus niger Tiegh.

A. flavus Link:Fr.

A. parasiticus Speare

FUNGAL DISEASES

Alternaria leaf spot

Alternaria alternata (Fr.:Fr.) Keissl.

Anthracnose

Colletotrichum acutatum J. H. Simmonds

Armillaria root rot

Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Kumm.

    Rhizomorpha subcorticalis Pers. [anamorph]

Band canker = Dothiorella canker

Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.:Fr.) Ces. & De Not.

    Dothiorella sp. [anamorph]

Brown rot

Monilinia fructicola (G. Wint.) Honey

M. laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey

    Monilia sp. [anamorph]

Ceratocystis canker

Ceratocystis fimbriata Ellis & Halst.

Green fruit rot

Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr.

    Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel [teleomorph]

Monilinia fructicola (G. Wint.) Honey

M. laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey

    Monilia sp. [anamorph]

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary

Hull rot

Monilinia fructicola (G. Wint.) Honey

M. laxa (Aderhold & Ruhland) Honey

Rhizopus arrhizus A. Fischer

R. circinana Teigh.

R. stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill.

Leaf blight

Discostroma corticola (Fuckel) I. Brockmann)

    Seimatosporium lichenicola (Corda) Shoemaker &
    E. Müller [anamorph]

Leaf curl

Taphrina deformans (Berk) Tulasne

Leucostoma canker

Leucostoma cincta (Fr.:Fr.) Höhn.

    Leucocytospora cincta (Sacc.) Höhn [anamorph]

Leucostoma persoonii Höhn

    Leucocytospora leucostoma (Pers.) Höhn [anamorph]

Phomopsis canker and fruit rot

Phomopsis amygdali (Del. Tuset & Portilla

= Fusicoccum amygdali Delacr.

Phytophthora root and crown rot

Phytophthora spp.

P. cactorum (Lebert & Cohn) J. Schröt.

P. cambivora (Petri) Buisman

P cinnamomi Rands

P. citricola Sawada

P. citrophthora (R.E. Sm. & E.H. Sm.) Leonian

P. cryptogea Pethybr. & Lafferty

P. drechsleri Tucker

P. megasperma Drechs.

P. nicotianae Breda de Haan var. parasitica Dastur

P. syringae (Kleb.) Kleb.

Powdery mildew

Podosphaera tridactyla var. tridactyla (Wallr.) de Bary

    Oidium passerinii G. Bertol. [anamorph]

Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wall.:Fr.) Lév.

    O. leucoconium Desmaz. [anamorph]

Red leaf blotch

Polystigma ochraceum (Whal.) Sacc.

Rust = Stone fruit rust

Tranzschelia discolor (Fuckel) Tranzschel & Lit.

Scab

Venturia carpophila Fisher

    Cladosporium carpophilum Thüm. [anamorph]

Shot hole

Wilsonomyces carpophilus (Lév) Adaskaveg, Ogawa,
    & Butler

= Stigmina carpophila (Lév.) M. B. Ellis

Silver leaf

Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.:Fr) Pouzar

Verticillium wilt

Verticillium dahliae Kleb.

NEMATODES, PARASITIC

Dagger nematode

Xiphinema americanum Cobb

Ring nematode

Mesocriconema xenoplax (Raski) Loof & de Grisse

Root-knot nematode

Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood

M. hapla Chitwood

M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood

M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood

Root-lesion nematode

Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Sher and Allen

P. vulnus Allen & Jensen

VIRAL DISEASES

Calico

genus Ilarvirus, Prunus necrotic ring spot virus (PNRSV)

Enation

genus Nepovirus, Tomato black ring virus (TBRV)

Infectious bud failure

genus Ilarvirus, Prunus necrotic ring spot virus (PNRSV)

Peach mosaic

Cherry mottle leaf virus

Peach yellow bud mosaic

genus Nepovirus, Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV)

PHYTOPLASMAL DISEASES

Almond brown line and decline

Peach yellow leaf roll phytoplasma

Almond kernel shrivel

Peach yellow leaf roll phytoplasma

European stone fruit yellows

European stone fruit yellows phytoplasma

Western X disease

Western-X phytoplasma

 

PARASITIC HIGHER PLANTS

Mistletoe

Phoradendron flavescens (Pursh.) Nutt.

Viscum album var. album L.

MISCELLANEOUS DISEASES AND DISORDERS

Corky growth (on leaves)

Physiological

Corky spot (on kernels)

Unknown

Foamy canker

Unknown

Fusarium root rot

Fusarium spp.

Noninfectious bud failure = Crazy top

Genetic

Nonproductive syndrome = Bull trees

Unknown

Pythium root rot

Pythium spp.

Union mild etch

Unknown