Index of Presentations
This workshop has been produced from invited paper presentations which have not been subjected to normal peer review by APS. A major objective of this workshop is to provide opportunity for debate: therefore, opinions stated represent those of the authors, and not necessarily those of the American Phytopathological Society or other sponsoring group. Reference to a trademark, proprietary products, or company name is intended for explicit description only and does not imply approval or recommendation to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.

Session I - Workshop Introductions

Exotic Forest Pests and Their Impact on Trade
Kerry Britton

Forests as Ecosystems
Eugene P. Odum

Exotic Forest Pests—A Global Issue
L. D. Dwinell

Exotic Pests and International Trade
C. Michael Hicks



Session II - How have exotic forest pests impacted different continents?

Rich Hunt, moderator

How do Exotic Pests Impact Forested Ecosystems and Landscape Trees in North America?
Gaston Laflamme and Thomas Hofacker

How Have Exotic Forest Pests Impacted Europe?
Roddie Burgess

Risks of Exotic Forest Pests and Their Impact on Trade in Asia
Shigeru Kaneko and Jyoti K. Sharma

Risk of Exotic Forest Pests-Continental Overview for Sub-Saharan Africa
Michael J. Wingfield and Roger K. Day

The Impact of Exotic Forest Pests in Australia and New Zealand
Ross Wylie



Session III - Forest Pests of Current Concern.

Hugh Evans, moderator

Wood Borers
Dennis A. Haugen and Edson T. Iede

Introduction and Establishment of Exotic Bark Beetles
F. M. Stephen and J.C. Grégoire

Potential of Shoot and Twig Insects as Exotics
René I. Alfaro, Tia Heeley, and Leland M. Humble

Risks Posed by Exotic Forests Pests-Foliage Feeding Insects
Andrew Leibhold and György Csóka

Sapstain and Vascular Pathogens
Joan Webber and Clive Brasier

Root Disease Pathogens of International Concern
Everett Hansen

Pests Associated with Seeds, Propagative Materials and Nursery Stocks
Alain Roques

The Pinewood Nematode
L.D. Dwinell and M. Mota

Vector Relationships in the Pine Wilt System
Marc J. Linit



Session IV - Hazards and Economic Impacts Associated with Different Forest Pest Pathways.

Eric Allen, moderator

Wood Chips
C. Magnusson, B. Řkland, and H. Solheim

Risks Associated with World Trade in Logs and Unmanufactured Wood
Borys M. Tkacz

Solid Wood Packing Material as a Pathway for Nonindigenous Species
Eric Allen

Hitchhikers Not on Plant Material
Bill Crowe

Hazards Associated with Pest Pathways and Economic Impacts-Seeds, Propagative Materials and Nursery Stock
Michael E. Ostry

Hazards Associated with Different Forest Pest Pathways and Their Economic Impacts-Other Forest Products
Mike D. Ormsby



Session V - What Do We Know About Mitigation Measures?

Dave Dwinell, moderator

Potential Use of Elevated Temperature to Manage Pests in Transported Wood
L. D. Dwinell

Potential Use of Fumigation to Manage the Risks of Pests in Transported Wood
L. D. Dwinell

Potential Use of Nonpressure Treatment with Preservatives to Manage the Risks of Pests in Transported Wood
Jeffrey J. Morrell

Potential Use of Irradiation to Manage Pests in Transported Wood
L. D. Dwinell

Potential Use of Pressure Treatments with Preservatives to Manage the Risk of Pests in Transported Wood
Jeffrey J. Morrell

Seedborne Pathogens and Strategies to Eliminate and Reduce their Presence on Tree Seeds
Stephen W. Fraedrich

Quarantine Hitchhikers
Jon Bell



Session VI - Analyzing Entry Risk and Risk Reduction Options.

Sue Cohen, moderator

Risk Management: Elements to Consider in Developing Plant Health Policy for Forest Products

Marcell Dawson

The Economic Impact of Solid Wood Packaging Material Pest Reduction Strategies
John W. Clarke

Environmental Impacts of Risk Reduction Options for Organisms Associated with Solid Wood Packing
Leland M. Humble

Quantifying Phytosanitary Barriers to Trade
Hugh R. Bigsby

International Cooperation in Risk Analysis and Development of Regulations
David McNamara



Session VII - Who Decides on International Guidelines, Standards, and Regulations?

David McNamara, moderator

Role of Regional Plant Protection Organizations in the Development of Standards and Regulations
Ian McDonell

International Measures for Solid Wood Packing Material
David McNamara & Göran Kroeker

The Role of the United Nations and World Trade Organization
Robert L. Griffin



Session VIII - The Problems Facing Us as We Implement Regulations to Prevent Exotic Pest Problems.

Kerry Britton, moderator

Regulatory Issues and Risk Management of Exotic Forest Pathogens
Susan D. Cohen

Problems Faced by Countries Without the Resources or Technology to Implement Current or Proposed Regulations on Solid Wood Packing Materials
Barbara Illman

Phytosanitary Protection and the Forest Industry: Policy Issues on Quarantine Pests
M. Dubensky, R. Scott Cameron, and R. Kellison

Problems Faced by Military Defense Agencies in the Implementation of Regulations to Prevent the Movement of Exotic Pests
Peter Egan

 
Yellow bark acacia trees near Nairobi, Kenya. Watercolor by Martha Odum. Images reproduced courtesy of Dr. Eugene P. Odum