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The Christmas Tree:
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The Christmas Tree: Tradition, Production, and Disease - References

 References

Adams, G.C., Jr. and Bielenin, A. 1988. First report of Phytophthora cactorum and P. citricola. Plant Disease 72:79 (Abstract).

Albers, H. H., and Davis, A. K. 1997. The wonderful world of Christmas trees. 100 pages. Mid-Prairie Books, Parkersburg, Iowa.

Anonymous. 1996. Gallup poll shows real tree use surged in 1995. American Christmas Tree J. 40(2): 13.

Anonymous. 1999a. NCTA public opinion survey supplies upbeat information. Christmas Tree Lookout 32(2): 22-24.

Anonymous. 1999b. Christmas trees rank high in Oregon. Christmas Tree Lookout 32(3): 8.

Baumann, D. 1996. The Gallup poll revisited. American Christmas Tree J. 40(3): 5-6.

Benson, D. M., and L. F. Grand. 1999. Disease incidence of Phytophthora root rot of Fraser fir in North Carolina. Phytopathology 89:S6

Benson, D.M., Grand, L.F., and Suggs, E.G. 1976. Root rot of Fraser fir caused by Phytophthora drechsleri. Plant Dis. Rep. 60:238-240.

Benson, D. M., Hinesley, L. E., Frampton, J., and Parker, K. C. 1997a. Evaluation of six Abies spp. to Phytophthora root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. APS Biological and Cultural Tests 13: 57.

Benson, D. M., Hinesley, L. E., and Parker, K. C. 1997b. Evaluation of Canaan seed sources for resistance to Phytophthora root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. APS Biological and Cultural Tests 13: 58.

Brown, K. 1990. A few outstanding noble fir Christmas trees. Christmas Tree Lookout 23(3): 22-23.

Brown, K. and Landgren, C. 1995. Results of the second noble fir Christmas tree provenance test. Christmas Tree Lookout 28(1):10-15.

Chastagner, G. A. 1990. Keeping cut trees fresh – A summary of tree keepability research at Washington State University. Christmas Tree Outlook 23(3): 32-44.

Chastagner, G. A (Ed). 1997. Christmas Tree Diseases, Insects, and Disorders in the Pacific Northwest: Identification and Management. 156pp. MISC01886. Washington State University Cooperative Extension, Pullman, WA 99164-5912.

Chastagner, G. A and Staley, J. M. 1995. Fungicidal control of interior needle blight syndrome on noble fir Christmas trees. Phytopathology 85: 1038 (Abstract)

Chastagner, G.A. and Landgren, C. 1998. Genetic variation and the influence of fertilization on the development of current season needle necrosis on noble fir Christmas trees. pp 219-226. In: Laflamme, G., J. A. Berube, and R. C. Hamelin (Eds). Foliage, shoot and stem diseases of trees. Proceedings of the IUFRO WP 7.02.02 meeting, Quebec City, May 25-31, 1997. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sainte-Foy, Quebec. 272 p.

Chastagner, G.A, Hamm, P.B., and Byther, R.S. 1990a. Symptomology of Phytophthora root and stem canker disease on Noble fir in the Pacific Northwest. Phytopathology 80:877.

Chastagner, G.A., Riley, K.L., and Hamm, P.B. 1990b. Susceptibility of Abies spp. to seven Phytophthora spp. Phytopathology 80: 887.

Chastagner, G.A., Staley, J.M. and Riley, K.L. 1990c. Current season needle necrosis: A needle disorder of unknown etiology on noble and grand fir Christmas trees in the Pacific Northwest. pp 38-42 In Merrill, W. and M.E, Ostry (Eds). Recent research on foliage diseases, conference proceedings, Gen Tech. Rep. Wo-56 Washington, D.C., USDA Forest Service. 145p.

Chastagner, G. A, Hamm, P. B., and Riley, K. L. 1995. Symptoms and Phytophthora spp associated with root rot and stem canker of noble fir Christmas trees in the Pacific Northwest. Plant Disease 79: 290-293.

Cooley, S.J., Hamm, P.B. and Hansen, E.M. 1988. Susceptibility of Northwest conifers to Phytophthora root rot. Tree Planters’ Notes 40:15-18.

Davidson, E. 1999. Ten day visit provides revealing snapshot of Irish tree business. Christmas Tree Lookout 32(2): 30-32.

Davis, A. K. 1996. The history of the Christmas tree industry in North America. American Christmas Tree J. 40(4): 5-11.

Drake, S. 1999. Gallup poll registers success…points direction for promotion. American Christmas Tree J. 43(2): 26-28.

Douglas, B.S. 1983. Report on the 1982 marketing season. Northwest Lookout 16(2):2-6.

Douglas, B.S. 1984. How much influence does seed origin have on noble fir growth performance. Northwest Lookout 17(3): 16-18.

Douglas, B. 1991. Winter-hardy noble fir seed sources. Christmas Tree Lookout 24(1):6-8.

Frampton, J., and McKinley, C. 1999. Christmas trees and greenery in Denmark – Production and tree improvement. American Christmas Tree J. 43(2): 4-11.

Grand, L. F. and Lapp, N. A. 1974. Phytophthora cinnamomi root rot of Fraser fir in North Carolina. Plant Dis. Rept. 58: 318-320.

Hamm, P. B. and Hansen, E. M. 1982. Pathogenicity of Phytophthora spp. to Northwest conifers. Eur. J. For. Pathology 12: 167-174.

Hamm, P. B. and Hansen, E. M. 1987. Identification of Phytophthora spp known to attack conifers in the Pacific Northwest. Northwest Science 61: 103-109.

Hamm, P. B., Campbell, S. J. and Hansen, E. M. 1990. Growing healthy seedlings: Identification and management of pests in Northwest forest nurseries. Forest. Res. Lab. Special Publ. 19, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, 100p

Hamm, P. B. and Hansen, E. M. 1991. The isolation and identification of Phytophthora species causing damage in bare-root conifer nurseries. Pp 169-179. In: Sutherland, J. R. and Glover, S. G., eds. Diseases and insects in forest nurseries. Proc. IUFRO Working Party S2.07-09. For. Can. Pac. Yukon Reg. Info. Rep. BC-X-331.

Hansen, E. 1997. Diseases in special settings: Forest Tree Nurseries. Pp 88 In: E. M. Hansen and K. J. Lewis (Edt.) Compendium of Conifer Diseases. APS Press, St. Paul, MN.

Hinesley, L.E. 1984. Measuring freshness of cut Fraser fir Christmas trees. HortScience 19(6):860-862.

Hinesley, L. E. 1990. Grower postharvest handling of Christmas trees. N. C. Coop. Ext. Serv., Christmas Tree Notes, CTN-015. 2 pp.

Hinesley, L. E. and Huxster, Jr., W. T. 1991. Retail merchandising of North Carolina Fraser fir. N. C. Coop. Ext. Serv., Christmas Tree Notes, CTN-017. 3 pp.

Hinesley, E. and Chastagner, G. 1993. Common myths and questions: the handling and care of cut Christmas trees. Amer. Christmas Tree J. 37(4): 16-19.

Hinesley, L. E. and Snelling, L. K. 1994. Postharvest drying of Leyland cypress, eastern red cedar, and Fraser fir Christmas trees. HortScience 30:1427-1428.

Kenerley, C. and Bruck, R.I. 1981. Phytophthora root rot of Balsam fir and Norway spruce in North Carolina. Plant Disease 65:614-615.

Kerwin, J. 1994. A New Yorker searches for the most imperfect perfect Christmas tree. The Pennsylvania Horticultural Soc.Green Scene 23(2): 4-7.

Koelling, M. R. 1999. Assuring there will be customers for real trees. American Christmas Tree J. 43(1): 26-31.

Kuhlman, E.G. and Hendrix, Jr., F.F. 1963. Phytophthora root rot of Fraser fir. Plant Dis. Rep. 47:552-553.

Kuhlman, E. G., Grand, L. F. and Hansen, E. M. 1989. Phytophthora root rot of conifers. pp 60-61 In: C. E. Cordell, R. L. Anderson, W. H. Hoffard, T. D. Landis, R. S. Smith, Jr., and H. V. Toko. Forest Nursery Pests, US Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 680

Landis, T. D. and Campbell, S. J. 1991. Soil fumigation in bareroot tree nurseries. Pp 191-205. In: Sutherland, J. R. and Glover, S. G., eds. Diseases and insects in forest nurseries. Proc. IUFRO Working Party S2.07-09. For. Can. Pac. Yukon Reg. Info. Rep. BC-X-331.

Landgren, C. 1999. The continuing quest for better nobles: results from ongoing progeny testing. Christmas Tree Lookout 32(3): 32-37.

McCain, A.H. and Scharpf, R.F. 1986. Phytophthora shoot blight and canker disease of Abies spp. Plant Disease 70:1036-1037.

McKinley, C. R. 1998. Where is the industry going? American Christmas Tree J. 42(4):37-40.

Mitcham-Butler, E. J., Hinesley, L. E. and Pharr, D. M. 1988. Effects of harvest date and storage temperature on the postharvest needle retention of Fraser fir branches. J. Environ. Hort. 6(1):1-4.

Nanny, B. 1986. Noble fir: That mysterious, difficult, and beautiful Christmas tree. Northwest Lookout 19(3):10-12.

Nanny, B. 1997. Looking to the future: What’s ahead for the Christmas tree industry? Christmas Tree Lookout 30(1): 17-19.

Proebsting, W.M. 1983. Harvest and planting rates of Christmas trees in Oregon. Northwest Lookout 16(2):20-22.

Riessen, G. 1996. The future of the Christmas tree industry. American Christmas Tree J. 40(4): 15-21.

Shew, H.D. and Benson, D. M. 1982. Fraser fir root rot induced by Phytophthora citricola. Plant Dis. 65:688-689.

Sidebottom, J. R., and Jones, R. 1999. Control of Phytophthora root rot in Fraser fir Christmas trees. North Carolina Cooperative Ext. Ser. CTN022 , 4p (www.ces.ncsu.edu/nreos/forest/xmas/CTNo22.nuni)

Tompkins, D. 1989. Grafting noble fir: a 16 year experiment. Northwest Lookout 22(3): 10-12, 16-17.

Tompkins, D. 1993. Disease, keepability and fumigation research update. Christmas Tree Lookout. 26(3): 40

Tompkins, D. 1999a. An English "Christmas World". American Christmas Tree J. 43(4): 27-31.

Tompkins, D. 1999b. Growing trees by computer and other innovations from England. American Christmas Tree J. 43(4): 32-34.

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