Common Names of Plant Diseases

Diseases of Citrus (Citrus spp.)

L. W. Timmer and J. A. Menge, primary collators (last update 11/8/00)

BACTERIAL DISEASES

Bacterial spot

Xanthomonas campestris pv. citrumelo (Hasse)

Black pit (fruit)

Pseudomonas syringae van Hall 1902

Blast

Pseudomonas syringae van Hall 1902

Canker

Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri (Hasse 1915) Dye 1978

Citrus variegated chlorosis

Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. 1987

Albinism

Alternaria alternata (Fr.:Fr.) Keissl.

= A. tenuis Nees

Aspergillus flavus Link:Fr.

Alternaria brown spot

Alternaria alternata (Fr.:Fr) Keissl.

Alternaria leaf spot of rough lemon

Alternaria citri Ellis & N. Pierce in N. Pierce

Alternaria stem-end rot

Alternaria citri Ellis & N. Pierce in N. Pierce

Anthracnose = wither-tip

Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H. Schrenk

    Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc.

    in Penz. [anamorph]

Areolate leaf spot

Thanatephorus cucumeris (A.B. Frank) Donk

= Pellicularia filamentosa (Pat.) D.P. Rogers

    Rhizoctonia solani Kühn [anamorph]

Black mold rot

Aspergillus niger Tiegh.

Black root rot

Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. & Broome) Ferraris

    Chalara elegans Nag Raj & Kendrick [synanamorph]

Black rot

Alternaria citri Ellis & N. Pierce in N. Pierce

Black spot

Guignardia citricarpa Kiely

    Phyllosticta citricarpa (McAlpine) van der Aa
    [synanamorph]

Blue mold

Penicillium italicum Wehmer

Botrytis blossom and twig blight, gummosis

Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr.

    Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel [teleomorph]

Branch knot

Sphaeropsis tumefaciens Hedges

Brown rot (fruit)

Phytophthora citricola Sawada

P. citrophthora (R.E. Sm. & E.H. Sm.) Leonian

P. hibernalis Carne

P. nicotianae Breda de Haan var. parasitica (Dastur)

    G.M. Waterhouse

= P. parasitica Dastur

P. palmivora (Butler) Butler

P. syringae (Kleb.) Kleb.

Charcoal root rot

Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich

Damping-off

Pythium sp.

P. aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp.

P. debaryanum Auct. non R. Hesse

P. rostratum E.J. Butler

P. ultimum Trow

P. vexans de Bary

Rhizoctonia solani Kühn

Diplodia gummosis and stem-end rot

Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl.

= Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.

= Diplodia natalensis Pole-Evans)

    Botryosphaeria rhodina (Cooke) Arx [teleomorph]

Dothiorella gummosis and rot

Botryosphaeria ribis Gross. & Duggar

    Dothiorella gregaria Sacc. [anamorph]

Dry root rot complex

Nectria haematococca Berk. & Broome

    Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. [anamorph], together with

    other wound-invading agents

Dry rot (fruit)

Ashbya gossypi (S. Ashby & W. Nowell) Guilliermand

Nematospora coryli Peglion

Fly speck

Schizothyrium pomi (Mont. & Fr.) Arx

    Zygophiala jamaicensis E. Mason [anamorph]

Fusarium rot (fruit)

Fusarium spp.

Fusarium wilt

Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr. f. sp. citri Timmer et al.

Gray mold (fruit)

Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr.

Greasy spot and greasy spot rind blotch

Mycosphaerella citri Whiteside

    Stenella citri-grisea (F.E. Fisher) Sivanesan [anamorph]

Green mold

Penicillium digitatum (Pers.:Fr.) Sacc.

Heart rot

Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat.

G. brownii (Murr.) R.L. Gilbertson

G. lucidum (Curtis:Fr.) P. Karst., and other basidiomycetes

Hendersonula branch wilt

Hendersonula toruloidea Nattras

Leaf spot

Mycosphaerella horii K. Hara

M. lageniformis Rehm

Mal secco

Phoma tracheiphila (Petri) Kantschaveli & Gikashvili

= Deuterophoma tracheiphila Petri

Mancha foliar de los citricos

Alternaria limicola Simmons & Palm

Melanose

Diaporthe citri F.A. Wolf

    Phomopsis citri H. Fawc. non (Sacc.) Traverso & Spessa,

    hom. illeg. [anamorph]

Mucor fruit rot

Mucor paronychia Suth.-Camp & Plunkett

M. racemosus Fresen.

Mushroom root rot = shoestring root rot or oak root fungus

Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P. Kumm

= Clitocybe tabascens (Scop.) Bres.

    Rhizomorpha subcorticalis Pers. [anamorph]

Phaeoramularia leaf and fruit spot

Phaeoramularia angolensis (de Carvallo & O. Mendes) P.M. Kirk

Phymatotrichum root rot

Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (Duggar) Hennebert

Phomopsis stem-end rot

Phomopsis citri H. Fawc. Non (Sacc.) Traverso & Spessa, hom. illeg.

    Diaporthe citri F.A. Wolf [teleomorph]

Phytophthora foot rot, gummosis and root rot

Phytophthora citrophthora (R.E. Sm. & E.H. Sm.) Leonian

P. hibernalis Carne

P. nicotianae Breda de Haan var. parasitica (Dastur)

    G.M. Waterhouse

= P. parasitica Dastur

P. palmivora (Butler) Butler

P. syringae (Kleb.) Kleb.

Pink disease

Erythricium salmonicolor (Berk. & Broome) Burdsall

= Corticium salmonicolor (Berk & Br.)

    Necator decretus Massee [anamorph]

Pink mold

Gliocladium roseum Bainier

Pleospora rot

Pleospora herbarum (Pers.:Fr.) Rabenh

    Stemphylium herbarum E. Simmons [anamorph]

Poria root rot

Oxyporus latemarginatus (Durieu & Mont.) Donk

= Poria latemarginata (Durieu & Mont.) Cooke

Post bloom fruit drop

Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds

Powdery mildew

Oidium tingitaninum C.N. Carter

= Acrosporium tingitaninum (C.N. Newton) Subramanian,
    nom. illeg.

Rhizopus rot

Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.)Vuill.

Rio Grande gummosis

Possibly Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl.

Hendersonula toruloidea Nattras

and other unknown agents

Rootlet rot

Pythium rostratum E.J. Butler

P. ultimum Trow

Rosellinia root rot

Rosellinia sp.

Scab

Elsinoë fawcettii Bitancourt & Jenk.

    Sphaceloma fawcettii Jenk. [anamorph]

Sclerotinia twig blight, fruit rot and root rot

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary

Septoria spot

Septoria citri Pass.

Sooty blotch

Gloeodes pomigena (Schwein.) Colby

Sour rot

Geotrichum citri-aurantii (Ferraris) E.E. Butler

    Galactomyces citri-aurantii E.E. Butler [teleomorph]

G. candidum Link

    Galactomyces geotrichum (E.E. Butler & L.J. Petersen)

    Redhead & Malloch [teleomorph]

Sweet orange scab

Elsinoë australis Bitancourt & Jenkins

Thread blight

Corticium stevensii Burt

Pellicularia koleroga Cooke

Trichoderma rot

Trichoderma viride Pers.:Fr.

    Hypocrea sp. [teleomorph]

Twig blight

Rhytidhysteron rufulum (Spreng.:Fr.) Speg.

Ustulina root rot

Ustulina deusta (Hoffm.:Fr.) Lind

    Nodulisporium sp. [anamorph]

Whisker mold

Penicillium ulaiense Hseichjsu & Tzean

White root rot

Rosellinia sp.

R. necatrix Prill.

    Dematophora necatrix R. Hartig [anamorph]

R. subiculata (Schwein:Fr.) Sacc.

Citrus slump nematode

Pratylenchus coffeae (Zimmerman) Filipjev & Schuurmans-Stekhoven

Dagger nematode

Xiphinema spp.

Lesion nematode

Pratylenchus spp.

P. brachyurus (Godfrey) Filipjev & Schuurmans-Stekhoven

P. coffeae (Zimmerman) Filipjev & Schuurmans-Stekhoven

P. vulnus Allen & Jensen

Needle nematode

Longidorus spp.

Root-knot nematode

Meloidogyne spp.

Sheath nematode

Hemicycliophora spp.

H. arenaria Raski

Slow decline (citrus nematode)

Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb

Spreading decline (burrowing nematode)

Radopholus similis Cobb

Sting nematode

Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau

Stubby-root nematode

Paratrichodorus spp.

Stunt nematode

Tylenchorhynchus spp.

VIRAL DISEASES

Citrus mosaic

Satsuma dwarf-related virus

Bud union crease

Virus for some combinations, otherwise genetic or unknown

Citrus leaf rugose

genus Ilarvirus, Citrus leaf rugose virus (CLRV)

Citrus yellow mosaic

genus Badnavirus

Crinkly leaf

Crinkly leaf ilarvirus (strain of citrus variegation virus)

Infectious variegation

genus Ilarvirus, Citrus variegation virus (CVV)

Navel infectious mottling

Satsuma dwarf-related virus

Psorosis

Spirovirus (ophiovirus) proposed new group

Satsuma dwarf

Satsuma dwarf virus (SDV)

Tatter leaf = citrange stunt

genus Capillovirus, Citrus tatter leaf virus (probably a closely related strain of apple stem grooving capillovirus rather than a distinct virus

Tristeza = decline and stem pitting, seedling yellows

genus Closterovirus, Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)

 

VIROIDS AND GRAFT-TRANSMISSIBLE PATHOGENS (GTP)

Algerian navel orange virus

GTP

Blight = young tree decline, rough lemon decline

GTP

Blind pocket

GTP

Cachexia

Citrus cachexia viroid (Hostuviroid)

Chlorotic dwarf

White-fly transmitted GTP

Citrus dwarfing

Various viroids

Citrus yellow mottle

GTP

Citrus yellow ringspot

GTP

Concave gum

GTP

Cristacortis

GTP

Exocortis

Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) (Pospiviroid)

Fatal yellows

GTP

Gummy bark

GTP, possible viroid

Gum pocket and gummy pittings

GTP, possible viroid

Impietratura

GTP

Indian citrus ringspot

GTP

Leaf curl

GTP

Leathery leaf

GTP

Leprosis

GTP associated with Brevipalpus spp. mites

Measles

GTP

Milam stem-pitting

GTP

Multiple sprouting disease

GTP

Nagami kumquat disease

GTP

Ringspot diseases

Various GTPs

Vein enation = woody gall

GTP (possible luteovirus)

Xyloporosis = cachexia

Citrus cachexia viroid (Hostuviroid)

Yellow vein

GTP

Yellow vein clearing of lemon

GTP

Australian citrus dieback

Unknown procaryote?

Huanglongbing =Greening

Candidatus Liberobacter asiaticus Candidatus L. africanus

Stubborn

Spiroplasma citri Saglio (spread by leafhoppers)

Witches’ broom of lime

Phytoplasma

Dodder

Cuscuta spp.

Algal disease (algal spot)

Cephaleuros virescens Kunze

Amachamiento

Unknown

Blossom-end clearing

Physiological

Chilling injury

Cold temperatures

Creasing

Nutritional (?)

Crinkle scurf

Genetic

Granulation

Physiological

Lemon sieve-tube necrosis

Unknown, but hereditary

Lime blotch =wood pocket

Inherited chimeral agent

Membranous stain

Cold temperatures

Mesophyll collapse

Unknown

Oleocellosis

Physiological

Postharvest pitting

Physiological

Puffing

Physiological

Rind breakdown

Physiological

Rind staining

Physiological

Rind stipple of grapefruit

Environmental

Rumple of lemon fruit

Unknown

Shell bark complex

Unknown - (viroid?)

Sooty mold (superficial, not pathogenic)

Capnodium citri Mont.

C. citricola McAlpine

Capnodium sp.

Stem-end rind breakdown

Physiological

Stylar-end breakdown of Tahiti lime

Physiological

Stylar-end rind breakdown

Physiological

Stylar-end rot

Physiological

Sunburn

Excessive heat and light

Tangerine dieback

Unknown

Water spot

Physiological

Zebra skin

Physiological