A. Call to Order
1. Introductions and welcome, Appointment of parliamentarian
2. Review and approval of agenda
B. Minutes of midyear APS
Council meeting in St. Paul
C. Report on the APS
Membership Survey from READEX
D. Treasurer's report
1. Financial Advisory Committee Report
2. Financial Advisory Committee Motions
E. Presentation
and discussion of the DRAFT APS Strategic Plan
F. Prioritization for use of APS
resources
G. Review of Action List from the 1998 midyear meeting
of Council
H. President's report and comments
1. Worldwide Directory of Plant Pathologists
2. Mann Library TEEAL Project
3. Ad Hoc Committee on Industry Recommendations. New
Industry Advisory Board
4. Appointments
5. National Plant Pathology Board Appointment
6. Emerging/Exotic Diseases, ad hoc Committee
7. Electronic Plant Health/IPM Journal
8. Electronic Property Rights Committee
9. Log imports
I. Executive Committee Report
1. United States/Canadian Bilateral Research Agreement
2. International Society of Plant Pathology Representatives
3. Letter to the National Initiative Competitive Grants
Program
J. Update from the National
Plant Pathology Board
K. Update on the Council for
Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST)
L. Annual meeting
1. 1998 Las Vegas meeting update
2. 1999 Montreal meeting
3. Final comments on the Las Vegas meeting
M. Councilors' Forum
1. Site selection
2. Published abstracts
N. Publications Board
1. General Issues
a. Journal Abstracts - publication
on APSnet
b. General interest articles
published in APS journals
c. Enhanced online journals
d. Combined pricing for online and
hard copy journal subscriptions
e. Electronic Publications Board
f. Molecular Plant Microbe
Interactions - Request for Senior Editor
2. Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions (MPMI)
3. Plant Disease
4. Phytopathology
5. APS Press
6. Editorial Office
O. Items from Headquarters
P. Reports and Items from Offices
1. Office of International Programs
2. Office of Electronic Communications
3. Office of Public Affairs and Education
Q. APS Foundation
R. Other items - old business
S. Consideration of Financial Motions
T. Future meetings
MINUTES OF THE APS
COUNCIL MEETING IN LAS VEGAS
NOVEMBER 7, 8 AND 12, 1998
1. Introductions and welcome. President L. Campbell called the meeting to order at 4:12 pm and introduced members of Council and staff. Present were: L. Campbell, D. Beadle, G. Bergstrom, M. Bjerkness, G. Chastagner, S. Coakley, M. Daub, H. Dillard, S. Douglas, J. Fletcher, R. Gergerich, D. Jardine, S. Kohn, J. Leach, P. Lipps, J. Loper, L. Madden, J. MacDonald, S. Nelson, B. Nyvall, J. Polston, G. Shaner, J. Sherwood, S. Slack, E. Stromberg, D. Sumner, N. Van Alfen, M. Wimer, and C. Windels.
Appointment of parliamentarian. L. Madden was appointed parliamentarian.
2. Review and approval of agenda (Attachment #1). The agenda was amended to move item L1 to follow item G. MOTION to approve agenda. MOTION SECONDED. MOTION CARRIED.
B. Minutes of midyear APS Council meeting in St. Paul (Attachment #2)
MOTION to approve the minutes from the midyear APS Council meeting. MOTION SECONDED. MOTION CARRIED.
C. Report on the APS Membership Survey from READEX (Attachment #3)
Dick Rogers of READEX reviewed the results of the APS Membership Survey and highlighted the main findings of the survey. Some statistics that Council found interesting were: only 52% of members attended the annual meeting within the last three years; younger or "trial members" have a preference for electronic communication; the increasingly international nature of APS membership; the need to continuously communicate with the membership on new initiatives such as OPAE and OIP. L. Campell noted that there will be an article in Phytopathology News and a presentation at the Business Meeting about the results of the Membership Survey. It was suggested that it might be a good idea to do another membership survey in 5 years, and perhaps additional surveys of a subset of members in 1 or 2 years.
L. Campbell distributed a handout that detailed the annual meeting history of APS (Attachment #4) including information on the attendance, registration fee, room cost, number of abstracts submitted, abstract fee, profit/loss of meeting, and those meetings that were jointly held with other societies.
Meeting adjourned at 6:08 pm.
MINUTES OF THE APS COUNCIL
MEETING IN LAS VEGAS
NOVEMBER 8, 1998
President L. Campbell called the meeting to order at 8:18 am. Present were: L. Campbell, C. Ash, G. Bergstrom, T. Burr, G. Chastagner, S. Coakley, M. Daub, H. Dillard, S. Douglas, J. Fletcher, R. Gergerich, D. Jardine, J. Leach, P. Lipps, J. Loper, L. Madden, J. MacDonald, M. McLaughlin, S. Nelson, B. Nyvall, J. Polston, G. Shaner, J. Sherwood, S. Slack, E. Stromberg, D. Sumner, N. Van Alfen, M. Wimer, and C. Windels.
1. Financial Advisory Committee Report. J. Sherwood reviewed the Unaudited Simplified Accounting for fiscal year 1997/98 (Attachment #5) and noted that more complete information on the budget is available from Headquarters on request. APS had an operating surplus of $130,756 as of June 30, 1998. He pointed out that APS now publishes 12 issues per year of Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions and that this has had an impact on the budget line for MPMI. He noted that the Financial Advisory Committee will seek additional information on the budget for the International Society for Plant Pathology to determine how the $6000 contributed by APS to ISPP is spent.
2. Financial Advisory Committee Motions. The following motions were made by the Financial Advisory Committee:
a. MOTION: That APS provide $3,000 per year to APS Foundation for student travel awards beginning fiscal year 1999-2000 for 5 years.
b. MOTION: That APS provide $700 for the Glen Anderson lecture which will be part of the Plenary Session for the joint meeting of APS with the Canadian Phytopathological Society in 1999.
The Canadian Phytopathological Society will provide $5000 for the lecture. Glen Anderson was a Canadian cereal pathologist who worked with Norman Borlaug.
c. MOTION: That $27,000 be provided from the Operating Reserve for symposia at the 1999 annual meeting of which $5,000 will be discretionary funds for use by the Program Chair.
d. MOTION: That $15,000 be provided to the National Plant Pathology Board for support of their activities in FY 1999-2000.
e. MOTION: That $20,000 be provided to APS Foundation to be used as a match toward new donations.
APS Foundation is trying to develop a Melhus Student Speaker Symposium from the Melhus Student Award currently given. APS Foundation already has $30,000 and will use the additional $20,000 from Council to attract matching funds of $20,000 for this award. The intent of Council is not to have Council limit the use of these funds to the Melhus Award but to use the funds to attract matching funds in general.
f. MOTION: That page charges for Phytopathology and Plant Disease for members be reduced for the first 6 pages of an article to $50 per page and remain at $80 for subsequent pages of an article; with an increase of 9% in the non-member subscription cost of Phytopathology and Plant Disease with subscription rates to take effect beginning calendar year 2000 and the page charges to take effect after July 1, 1999 as determined by the Publications Board.
This proposal is intended to be as revenue neutral as possible. It was noted that the current library subscription rates for these two journals are inexpensive compared to similar journals.
g. MOTION: That paper subscriptions for members to Phytopathology and Plant Disease be increased by 10% ($5) effective the beginning of calendar year 2000 and online subscriptions remain at $40.
The intent of this proposal is not to generate revenue but to encourage online subscriptions which are less expensive to produce than the paper subscriptions.
h. MOTION: That APS member dues be increased by $2 (to $63) for full members effective beginning calendar year 2000 assuming the Consumer Price Index indicates support for $1.50 or more; if not, drop the increase to $1 (to $62).
MOTION TO TABLE all motions from the Financial Advisory Committee. MOTION SECONDED. MOTION CARRIED.
E. Presentation and discussion of the DRAFT APS Strategic Plan (Attachment #6 and #7)
L. Campbell noted that most of the last Strategic Plan has been addressed since its adoption in 1993. He recalled the Vision Statement that had been developed by the Vision Committee in preparation for the development of the Strategic Plan. The ad hoc Strategic Planning Committee members (M. McLaughlin, R. Bandyopadhyay, D. Beadle, M. Benson, B. Bowden, E. Braun, L. Campbell, C. D’Arcy, K. Johnson, S. Nelson, and J. Sherwood), met in San Antonio, Texas on July 23 and 24 of 1998 to develop a new Strategic Plan for 1999 to 2003. L. Campbell introduced M. McLaughlin, chair of the Strategic Planning Committee, who presented the four goals of the Draft Strategic Plan and the specific objectives under each of the four goals. M. McLaughlin noted that the Draft Strategic Plan had been publicized in the October issue of Phytopathology News and that the Strategic Planning Committee was actively seeking feedback from Council and other APS members.
Comments on the Draft Strategic Plan expressed by Council members included questions about downsizing Council to make it a smaller, more effective group; inclusion of a goal to project an image of plant pathologists to other scientists and the scientific community; and inclusion of a goal about the development of knowledge in addition to the current goals regarding the dissemination of knowledge.
A discussion of the future for APS publications included the need to study who APS will be serving with our various publications, the question of what our journals will look like in 10 years, whether there are more and better things we could be doing for our audience, and the need to define the roles of our three journals relative to one another. ACTION Regarding the future of APSnet, J. MacDonald and the Office of Electronic Communications will develop overriding principles (philosophy) that will define "the internet gateway" designated in Objective 3B of the Draft Strategic Plan.
ACTION (M. Daub and the Publications Board) will develop a draft for the "new" Goal 2 of the Strategic Plan "to strengthen the science and practice of plant pathology" which is to include Objective 3A of the original Draft Strategic Plan. The Objective 4A "to develop and conduct workshops on graduate education, management, leadership, science, and technology, to address needs for professional growth and continuing education of members" is not limited to activities at APS annual meetings, but also might include workshops at Division meetings, and APS short courses. ACTION (L. Campbell) will correspond with R. Bennett and the Office of Electronic Communications and ask him to review the four targets identified under Objective 4C in the Draft Strategic Plan. L. Madden noted that we have 4 target audiences for our products and services: potential members, product buyers, those we want to educate, and other scientists.
The Strategic Planning Committee will rework the Draft Strategic Plan and bring a new draft to Council at the midyear meeting in March for approval and implementation. L. Campbell thanked M. McLaughlin for his presentation and ongoing efforts to develop a new strategic plan for APS.
Break at 10:15 a.m.
Reconvene at 10:42 a.m.
F. Prioritization for use of APS resources
L. Campbell noted that we are fortunate to be in a time where we are able to add programs, but that we tend to accumulate projects. He asked Council to take some time to discuss prioritization of projects. G. Bergstrom brought up the issue of compensation for the cost of activities done by APS member volunteers. There are certain volunteer positions in APS, such as editors and editors-in-chief, that take a significant amount of time. Other societies pay $4000 to $5000 per year for some editor-in-chief positions. Two years ago when Council formalized the Office of Public Affairs and Education and considered the position of director for OPAE, we discussed the difference between the perceived value of such a directorship versus the scholarly value attached to the position of senior editor. However, Council voted down the idea of a paid director because they were reluctant to cross that line. L. Campbell noted that one of the challenges is that there is only so many staff people at Headquarters, and that if we want to expand some efforts, for example APSnet, then this will require additional Headquarters staff. S. Nelson said that if we wanted APSnet to be the "internet gateway" for APS, then new staff would be required for this effort. He emphasized that Headquarters needs to know the priorities for various efforts of APS. The National Plant Pathology Board will bring a proposal for a strong Washington presence to represent APS, and the cost of this effort is estimated at $70,000. APS currently spends $9000 to $27,000 on the annual meeting, and increasing member resources are being used for the annual meeting.
It was noted that previous Councils had made good decisions, and that because of this APS has been in a position to consider new initiatives. The need for a "sunset clause" for all APS activities was expressed, as was the need for continuous reevaluation to be sure we still want to fund current activities. ACTION (S. Nelson and Headquarters staff) Provide information to Council on breakdown of expenditures under Member Services for discussion of priorities at the midyear council meeting. S. Nelson pointed out that Member Services is subsidized in that members pay only $63, but the cost is $100 to $150. It was noted that membership dues account for only 10% of APS income, and this was seen as positive for the society. APSnet was cited as a good example of putting money into a new project that was well received by members. MPMI was cited as another good initiative that has cost money, but that is good for the society. It was suggested that we should consider how we can serve the diversity within APS membership, and that perhaps we should consider more interactions with other societies such as offering symposia at their meetings. The success of APS should not necessarily be measured by the number of APS members, but perhaps by the number of members who are actively involved in APS. It was suggested that we should try to find ways to make time-consuming volunteer activities easier for APS members. ACTION (Financial Advisory Committee) Review the issue of reimbursement for costs of certain volunteer efforts within the society.
Adjourned for lunch at 11:58 am.
Reconvened at 12:35 pm.
1. 1998 Las Vegas meeting update. F. Labatt, Meeting Manager from APS Headquarters, reviewed some of the criteria that are used in meeting site selection, and she described a Criteria Rating Form that had been developed to guide Councilors’ Forum in site selection. Ten cities have been identified as possible sites for the 2003 meeting, but it was suggested that if the format for the annual meeting is in transition, then perhaps it is better not to plan the annual meeting too far in advance. Possible sites for the 2002 meeting include Kansas City, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Milwaukee, and E. Lansing. F. Labatt has developed an Annual Meeting Handbook which is an extension of what is in the Manual of Operations regarding annual meeting planning. ACTION (APS Secretary) Revise the Manual of Operations to include a reference to the Annual Meeting Handbook and be sure that the two documents are in agreement. C. Windels complimented F. Labatt on her first year as Meeting Planner, especially because of the difficulties in planning such a large, joint meeting.
C. Windels summarized the highlights of her report to APS Council on the 1998 APS/ESA Meeting (Attachment #8). She noted that each Society had their own budget for the meeting, and that the common interests of the Societies outweighed their differences. There were 42 special sessions including 16 symposia (6 co-sponsored and co-funded by APS and ESA, 1 joint symposium funded by the USDA, 6 joint ESA Section symposia funded by ESA, 3 regular APS symposia), 8 colloquia, 8 discussion sessions, 7 workshops, 2 working groups, and 1 demonstration. There were 759 abstracts submitted, 254 were for oral papers, and 505 were for posters.
2. 1999 Montreal meeting. N. Van Alfen noted that a concern for the annual meeting is to have a balanced program, and that the Councilors’ Forum Symposium was initiated in an effort to help balance the program. When there is a lot of concurrent sessions at the annual meeting, it is more difficult to meet with people for discussion during the meeting. He reviewed the current procedure used to plan topics for special sessions at the meeting, and then he proposed a new method to do this in which special sessions would occur under 6 Sections: Plant Disease Management, Biology of Plant Pathogens, Diseases of Plants, Molecular/Cellular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Epidemiology/Ecology/Environmental Plant Pathology, and Professionalism/Service/Outreach. Committee chairs will be asked to place their special session recommendations in one of these sections. N. Van Alfen then recommended that we strip the budget from symposia, and have funded sessions in each Section. This will give more leeway in how the budget will be spent, for example, there may be a higher number of special sessions per section that receive support. The recommendation was that each Section would have $4000 to fund special sessions. N. Van Alfen suggested that it might be possible to add special sessions to the program if the number of oral paper sessions was reduced. There has been an average of 40 special sessions over the last several years, and a decline in the number of oral papers presented at the annual meeting. N. Van Alfen distributed a mock-up of the abstract form for the 1999 meeting (Attachment #9) and explained that he expects this structure will evolve and eventually work into a governance structure.
A discussion occurred around the issue of restricting oral paper sessions to students and post-docs for the 1999 annual meeting only. It was suggested that we might have to expand the definition of post-doc to include anyone in the first 10 years since they received their PhD. Concern was expressed that it is important for people to have a choice, especially for young people. This year about one-third of the papers were oral, but for previous years the number of oral and poster papers presented has been about equal. The percentage of papers presented at the annual meeting by post-docs and students is not known. The incentive process (later deadline dates for abstract submission for posters) has worked in the past, and the question was asked if this could be done again. It was suggested that the program could be laid out with a limited number of slots within each section for oral papers, and anything submitted after those slots are filled would be assigned to poster sessions. It was pointed out that we were making the assumption that oral papers are better than poster sessions, but that this is not necessarily so. Concern was expressed that it might be difficult for some people to give a poster, and that we might be putting a negative twist on posters or oral presentations depending on how this is presented to members. MOTION For the 1999 annual meeting there would be fewer concurrent sessions than the 1998 meeting and for the oral sessions that are available, students and post-docs would be given preference. MOTION SECONDED. This means that there would be a defined number or slots for oral presentations. MOTION CARRIED. ACTION (N. Van Alfen) Write an article for Phytopathology News about meeting planning to inform membership of the rationale for reducing the number of oral papers in the annual meeting program.
MOTION To accept the 6 subject matter areas for paper and poster presentations that were proposed by the Program Committee for the 1999 meeting. MOTION SECONDED. It was pointed out that this arrangement will require more judgement on the part of the Program Committee Chair in placing presentations in sessions. MOTION CARRIED.
G. Review of Action List from the 1998 midyear meeting of Council
R. Gergerich pointed out that several uncompleted Action List items that will be carried over to the Action List for this meeting.
H. President’s report and comments
1. World Directory of Plant Pathologists. A prototype of this directory was displayed at the International Plant Pathology Meeting in Edinburgh. C. Delp, the new secretary for the International Society of Plant Pathology, has worked hard to make this directory a reality. Negotiations between ISPP and APS are underway to protect this valuable APS resource. The ISPP World Directory of Plant Pathologists is now online from the ISPP website with over 12,000 addresses, and the Directory is growing with the addition of directories from other national societies. APS has been a major contributor in the development of the World Directory.
2. Mann Library TEEAL Project. Several members of the Publications Board will review the demo of the CD-ROM product developed for this project to ensure that the reproductions of APS journal articles are of good quality.
3. Ad Hoc Committee on Industry Recommendations. New Industry Advisory Board. W. Fry appointed an ad hoc committee on Industry Recommendations to determine how we might increase the number of APS members from industry and how to better engage them in Society functions. This ad hoc committee recommended a meeting of APS members from industry, and an APS Industry Member meeting was held on July 13, 1998. Notes from the APS Industry Members meeting were distributed to Council (Attachment #10). One of the recommendations from the Committee was the formation of an Industry Advisory Committee. In a conference call on October 22, 1998, the Executive Committee of Council met and approved a motion to create an Industry Advisory Board for a 3-year term. Nominations for members of the Board were submitted and voted on by the Executive Committee by e-mail voting. The members of the Industry Advisory Board are: B. Carroll (chair), C. Becker, M. Cline, S. Falk, D. Kendra, K. Kmetz, S. Kohn (Headquarters staff), V. Morton, and J. Riggs.
4. Appointments. L. Campbell announced the appointment of D. Jardine as APS Secretary, B. Nyvall as reappointed Editor-in-Chief of Phytopathology News, and Paul Peterson as the new APS Historian. ACTION (C. Windels) Contact P. Peterson and ask him to write a description for the new position of APS Historian for the Manual of Operations. ACTION (APS Secretary) In the next revision of the Manual of Operations, incorporate the description for the APS Historian after it has been approved by Council. L. Campbell noted that nominations for OPAE director, Editor-in-Chief of Phytopathology, APS Treasurer, and a member of the National Plant Pathology Board will be made at the midyear meeting of Council.
Break at 2:35 pm.
Reconvened at 2:53 pm.
L. 2. 1999 Montreal meeting (continued). N. Van Alfen asked to revisit the Motion that had been passed earlier in the meeting "For the 1999 annual meeting there would be fewer concurrent sessions than the 1998 meeting, and for the oral sessions that are available, students and post-docs would be given preference". He proposed to have three paper sessions per Section to give a total of 15 paper sessions, and then there could be a contest for the best paper in each Section. Another approach would be to fill the limited number of paper sessions on a first come/first serve basis. It was noted that the meeting in Montreal will be held jointly with the Canadian Phytopathological Society and that the programs for APS and CPS are merged. When asked if we could use the same system we used for the meetings this year (give incentive to present posters), N. Van Alfen asked that the stipulation to reduce the number of concurrent sessions be removed from the motion. L. Campbell said we could continue our publicity campaign and let the members know that one of our goals is to highlight the special sessions, and that in order to do this we must reduce the number of oral paper sessions. It was noted that if we have a later due date for poster abstracts (as we did this year), this may be sufficient to reduce the number of oral paper sessions. Whatever route is taken, it will be necessary to be sure the Canadian Phytopathological Society uses the same route as APS for the meeting. It was decided to go with the motion as it stands, and to use publicity to inform the membership of the rationale for reducing the number of oral sessions.
J. Update from the National Plant Pathology Board. The National Plant Pathology Board recommended the appointment of O.W. Barnett for a second 5-year term. A. Vidaver, S. Tolin, J. Cook, and O.W. Barnett from the National Plant Pathology Board joined Council. A. Vidaver addressed Council regarding the National Plant Pathology Board’s reasons for recommending that APS have a "presence" in Washington, and a discussion between members of Council and representatives from the NPPB occurred. A. Vidaver cited several examples of recent NPPB involvement: development of the Plant Pesticide Rule that proposes that all genes and gene products must be considered pesticides; re-authorization and improvement of the Plant Protection Act; Biological Use Permits for Biological Control, and others listed in the 1998 annual report of the NPPB. There is a need to have someone read the Federal Register to inform us in a timely manner about issues affecting plant pathology. It was suggested that APS should work through other groups such as the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, or the Coalition for Agricultural Research Missions. However, there is not one coalition that covers all of the issues in plant pathology. The use of a registered lobbyist might have an effect on the tax deductible status of APS membership dues, and would therefore require separate accounting. This person would not necessarily be a lobbyist, but would increase our timely awareness of issues relating to plant pathology in Washington. Concern was expressed that if APS has only a share of an individual for this position, then what other types of groups does that individual represent and would there be a conflict of interest for them. It was pointed out that there are many models from other societies and groups that already have this sort of represenation in Washington. A question was raised regarding the specific goals and timeline for this effort, and how the accomplishments of this individual could be measured. It was noted that this would not necessarily be a single person but a group in Washington that works for us. The effort would not be to promote our society, but to promote our discipline.
P. Reports and Items from Offices
1. Office of International Programs. R. Bennett from OIP discussed the John and Ann Niederhauser endowment (JANE) Award, and reported that the JANE Endowment Technical Committee had reviewed proposals and that an award had been made to CARE of Peru. APS Foundation has approved the award. This is the first formal award given by the JANE fund.
ACTION OIP will develop a set of guidelines to determine which countries will be eligible for the OIP Library Assistance Program to developing countries. These countries will receive the three APS journals on CD-ROM.
MOTION (from OIP) that APS provide $2000 to OIP to cover the cost of publishing a brochure about the activities of OIP for an audience of non-APS members. MOTION SECONDED. The brochure will be distributed at international meetings and workshops. MOTION TO TABLE. MOTION TO TABLE CARRIED.
Meeting adjourned at 4:10 pm.
MINUTES OF THE APS COUNCIL
MEETING IN LAS VEGAS
NOVEMBER 12, 1998
President L. Campbell called the meeting to order at 8:17 am. Present were: L. Campbell, C. Ash, D. Beadle, G. Bergstrom, T. Burr, G. Chastagner, S. Coakley, M. Daub, H. Dillard, S. Douglas, J. Fletcher, R. Gergerich, D. Jardine, J. Leach, P. Lipps, J. Loper, L. Madden, S. Nelson, J. Polston, G. Shaner, J. Sherwood, S. Slack, E. Stromberg, N. Van Alfen, M. Wimer, and C. Windels.
President L. Campbell distributed a revised agenda for the remainder of the meeting (Attachment #11).
H. President’s Report (continued)
2. Mann Library - TEEAL Project (continued). This project, supported by the Rockefeller Foundation, will collect a number of journals on a searchable CD-ROM to produce the "essential agricultural library". The CD-ROM will be made available to 100 developing countries, and it is anticipated that the project will last 10 years. The Publications Board was concerned about the quality of reproduction of our journals on the CD-ROM, and several members of the Publications Board and staff reviewed the CD-ROM and found the quality of the reproduction to be good. APS will not be used as an advertising vehicle for the CD-ROM. Concern was expressed about the number of machines in the targeted developing countries that will be available to use the product. As far as copyright issues, our journals on the CD-ROM will still be APS journals, and there is no long-term commitment from APS for the project. There is no cost to APS for this project, and after the first year, the cost of the project will be borne by the countries involved. The Publications Board recommended that Headquarters determine how many journal subscriptions currently go to these developing countries to determine if we will potentially lose these subscriptions because of this product. ACTION S. Nelson, M. Wimer and Headquarters staff will provide information to C. Windels on the APS journal subscriptions that are already going to the countries that will receive the CD-ROMs from the Mann Library TEEAL Project. ACTION C. Windels and the Executive Committee will review the potential impact of the Mann Library TEEAL Project on the distribution of APS journals. MOTION (Publications Board) To participate in the Mann Library TEEAL Project and provide Phytopathology and Plant Disease. The final decision to participate will be based on the outcome of a Headquarter’s study of the financial impact of this decision. MOTION SECONDED. ACTION M. Wimer will write the contract for the TEEAL Project in such a way that the intent of APS in distributing our journals is not subverted. MOTION CARRIED.
(continued)
5. National Plant Pathology Board Appointment. L. Campbell announced that the NPPB wants to defer a decision on the APS representative in Washington to allow them to prepare the proposal more fully. A proposal will be brought to Council at the midyear Council meeting. ACTION C. Windels will encourage the National Plant Pathology Board to communicate their proposal for a ‘Washington presence" to the APS membership by writing an article in Phytopathology News.The newly formed Industry Advisory Board submitted a request to have a representative on the National Plant Pathology Board. It was noted that there already is an individual from industry on NPPB. Concerns were raised about how this would impact the impression of the NPPB as being unbiased, but it was noted that academics can also be seen as lobbyists. It was suggested that perhaps an industry representative could serve as an ex officio representative. Since APS is a broadly based society, the point was made that NPPB should be representative of the society, but that representation doesn’t have to be specified for this to happen. Industry provides an important perspective for the NPPB. The larger issue is that NPPB needs more members and there is also interest in having an international member on NPPB. It was noted that the NPPB was not set up to be representative of the society, but that the make-up of the board was related more to the experience and interest of board members. ACTION C. Windels will ask the National Plant Pathology Board if they want more members, and ask them to consider including a member from industry and someone with reporting responsibilities the next time a position becomes available.
MOTION That O. W. Barnett be appointed for a second term as a member of the National Plant Pathology Board. MOTION SECONDED. MOTION CARRIED.
6. Emerging/Exotic Diseases, ad hoc Committee. APHIS is asking the Weed Science Society, the Entomological Society of America, and APS for a list of the top 10 organisms that we do not want in the United States. The original charge from APHIS was for identifying emerging diseases and to have a mechanism for reviewing the list of emerging diseases. The National Plant Pathology supports the concept of having a list as a way to identify emerging diseases similar to the Center for Disease Control. L. Madden, chair of the ad hoc committee, said that they are waiting for money from APHIS to hold a meeting.
7. Electronic Plant Health/IPM Journal. Regarding the proposed IPM journal, it was noted that the Entomological Society was very cautious about their involvement at this stage because they are undergoing a lot of changes in their journals. S. Douglas noted that since this was not moving forward very fast as a joint proposal between societies, the Publications Board approved having APS go forward without the other societies. It was noted that APS was not necessarily excluding other societies, but that the idea has languished too long. ACTION C. Windels will send a letter to appropriate individuals in the Entomological Society, Weed Science Society, etc., stating that APS will develop an online journal and that for now it will not be a multi-society effort. MOTION That in lieu of the multi-society online journal, the Office of Electronic Communication will develop a proposal for an online publication. MOTION SECONDED. Concern was expressed about the impact of this journal on Plant Disease, and it was noted that this journal would not necessarily have an IPM emphasis, but at some time the idea of an IPM journal may come back. ACTION S. Douglas and Headquarters staff will develop a prospectus for the "online presence" and include a business plan. MOTION CARRIED.
8. Electronic Property Rights Committee. M. Wimer explained that Headquarters needs to know what APS members want to do about use of online APS materials. ACTION C. Windels will appoint an ad hoc committee to study the issues of Electronic Property Rights to be headed by S. Slack. The Executive Committee will work with Headquarters staff to put together the committee to include someone from Extension. ACTION S. Slack will chair an ad hoc committee that will prepare a proposal on the issues of electronic property rights for the 1999 midyear meeting of Council.
9. Log imports. The Forest Pathology Committee and others at their meeting (total of approximately 55 persons), by unanimous vote with one abstention, approved the essence of the accompanying statement (Attachment #12), which is a draft statement developed by sub-committee for consideration by Council. They believe that support by APS and the Entomological Society of America is essential to obtain revision of the regulations on log and unmanufactured wood imports and that this revision is necessary to protect our forest resources. Concern was expressed about APS making a pronouncement on treatment of log imports, but the lack of comments by APS and other groups is being used by APHIS to support current practices which are judged by some scientists as ineffective. MOTION To adopt the resolution after editing. MOTION SECONDED. MOTION TO TABLE. MOTION SECONDED. MOTION TO TABLE CARRIED. ACTION C. Windels will re-word the resolution from the Forest Pathology Committee on treatment of log imports, send it back to the committee for consideration, and then have Council vote on the revised resolution by e-mail. The committee members will be asked to explain how they came to their recommendations and to provide documentation. It was noted that a 2/3 majority of Council is necessary to pass a resolution.
1. United States/Canadian Bilateral Reseach Agreement. G. Lazarovits, President of the Canadian Phytopathological Society, presented a request from the Canadian Phytopathological Society (Attachment #13), to ask APS to work with CPS to establish a bilateral research agreement similar to the BARD system to fund projects with some applied components in the area of plant protection. ACTION L. Campbell will share with the National Plant Pathology Board the request from the Canadian Phytopathological Society to work on the development of a collaborative research agreement between our two countries, and then make a recommendation to Council on this matter. G. Lazarovits noted that animals were not included in this proposal, but that the proposal could be expanded to include them.
2. International Society of Plant Pathology Representatives. Four APS representatives to ISPP will be appointed. Current members are: C. Delp (chair), A. Alvarez, J. Froyd, W. Fry, B. Jacobsen, T.-L Kuan, L. Madden, C. Mundt, P. Teng, L. Sequeira, and A. van Bruggen. C. Delp, W. Fry, B. Jacobsen, and T.-L Kuan are rotating off as representatives. ACTION Council members will send suggestions to the secretary (D. Jardine) for individuals to serve as representatives to the International Society of Plant Pathology. ACTION The chair of the ISPP delegation from APS will be elected at the midyear Council meeting.
3. Letter to the National Initiative Competitive Grants Program. Currently there is a discrepancy in funding rates for plant pathology and plant pest biology panels as compared to NRI panels focused on basic plant biology. A review of statistics from the NRI over the last few years has shown that greater total dollars have been appropriated to plant biology panels as compared to the pest biology panels. ACTION C. Windels will write a letter to Dr. Michael Roberts, Chief Scientist at the USDA/CSREES/NRICGP expressing APS’s concern on the perceived funding shortage for Plant Pest research versus Plant Biology research.
K. Update on the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST), the Conversations on Change Program. ACTION C. Windels will request a joint report on the activities of CAST from individuals involved in CAST (M. Boehm, S. Nelson, and M. Wimer) for the midyear Council meeting.
(continued)
L. 3. Final comments on the Las Vegas meeting. N. Van
Alfen, chair of the Program Committee, said that the concept of planning the program by
section was successfully implemented at the Program Committee meeting. Section chairs were
selected and will help plan the program for the annual meeting. There were more special
sessions requested in some sections, such as the Professionalism/Outreach Section. It was
suggested that we should look at the special sessions that were offered at the Las Vegas
meetings and see how these would be distributed over the six sections. Only a small
proportion of the requested special sessions were in the Molecular/Cellular area, but
there is a much higher proportion of abstracts submitted in this area. N. Van Alfen said
there was opposition to reducing the number of oral sessions, and he asked Council to
reconsider this. MOTION That for the 1999 annual meeting, posters be
encouraged and that the due date for poster abstracts be two weeks later than for oral
papers. MOTION SECONDED. When this dual submission date system was used
for the Las Vegas, the poster/oral presentation ratio was 2:1, compared to a 1:1 ratio at
the Rochester meeting in 1997. It was suggested that if posters are emphasized, then the
time they are up needs to be adjusted so this is not seen as a detriment. C. Windels noted
that the 1-day poster session time this year was due to space constraints because of the
joint meeting. ACTION N. Van Alfen will write an article for Phytopathology
News highlighting the good things about the annual meeting and explaining why
constraints (such as short time for socials and poster sessions) were necessary this year.
N. Van Alfen noted that he will use the Section Chairs as an expanded Program Committee,
and that this is too big of a job for one person. It was noted that the Beer N’Bull
sessions will be reinstituted next year. MOTION CARRIED.
The new Industry Advisory Board met at the Las Vegas meeting, and they expressed concern about having representation on Council. It was noted that this would fit well with the new Strategic Plan, but that we must recognize that not every group can have representation on Council. ACTION C. Windels will write a letter to the chair of the Industry Advisory Board (B. Carroll) and ask her or a representative from the Board to come to the APS Council meeting in Montreal. ACTION N. van Alfen will send a preliminary list of sessions for the next annual meeting to Council and also to B. Carroll. ACTION D. Jardine will request a report from the Industry Advisory Board for the midyear and annual meeting of Council in order to keep Council informed of the Board’s activities.
N. van Alfen noted that the chair of the Diversity Committee was upset because he felt that APS was not doing enough to encourage under-represented groups in APS. The chair of the committee has agreed to act as a contact regarding this issue.
MOTION To formally thank the organizers and emcees of the deBary Bowl. MOTION SECONDED. MOTION CARRIED. ACTION C. Windels will write a letter of appreciation to the three organizers of the deBary Bowl (C. D’Arcy, D. White, and B. Carroll).
1. Site selection. The site for APS meetings is now selected three years in advance of the meeting. It was noted that we may need to request more space on the meeting criterion sheet for posters, and that the Program Committee may have to make suggestions about space for the annual meeting program.
2. Published abstracts. A number of the Division Councilors expressed concern about the fact that the abstracts are free to subscribers of Phytopathology but not to subscribers of other APS journals who therefore don’t get them before the annual meeting. It was noted that the APS Constitution states that the abstracts will be published in Phytopathology and that if we decide not to publish them here, the Constitution will have to be changed. ACTION A committee consisting of J. Loper, P. Lipps, S. Nelson, and N. Van Alfen was appointed to consider the issues of abstract publication (cost, citability, time and place of publication) and bring something to Council at the 1999 midyear meeting.
L. Campbell recognized outgoing members of Council: Immediate Past President, L. Madden; Potomac Division Councilor, S. Hurtt; Senior Councilor-at-Large, J. Fletcher; Southern Division Councilor, D. Sumner; Secretary, R. Gergerich. L. Campbell welcomed incoming Council members: Vice President, S. Slack; Secretary, D. Jardine; Potomac Division Councilor, E. Stromberg; Southern Division Councilor, D. Beadle; Junior Councilor-at Large, R. Gergerich.
Meeting adjourned for lunch, 11:58 am
President C. Windels called the meeting to order at 12:55 pm. Present were: C. Windels, L. Campbell, D. Beadle, T. Burr, L. Campbell, G. Chastagner, S. Coakley, M. Daub, S. Douglas, R. Gergerich, A. Hope, D. Jardine, J. Leach, P. Lipps, J. Loper, S. Nelson, G. Shaner, J. Sherwood, S. Slack, E. Stromberg, N. Van Alfen, M. Wimer.
1. General Issues.
a. MOTION (Publications Board) To have abstracts of APS journals put in the open access of APSnet on a trial basis. The intent is to bring increased visibility to the articles in our journals, but it was noted that this would decrease the value of our APSnet resource center where the abstracts are now published. This is envisioned as the first step in the pay/view option for our journal articles. This might detract from the online journal subscriptions, but it was noted that the online subscriptions will eventually be enhanced to be a better product than the paper version. MOTION CARRIED.
b. General interest articles published in APS journals. The Publications Board approved putting general interest articles published in APS journals, such as Feature Articles in Plant Disease, into the public access part of APSnet. ACTION Council members will send comments to M. Daub and G. Shaner on the issue of putting Feature Articles from Plant Disease on the public access part of APSnet or in the proposed Plant Health Journal.
c. Enhanced online journals. The Office of Electronic Communication will work with the Electronic Technology Committee to determine what types of things could be done to enhance the online journal publications. In the January issue, authors will be told what online enhancements are possible and examples will be given online to demonstrate this. The online enhancements will be subjected to the editorial review process and will appear in the end-of-the-year CD-ROM.
d. Combined pricing for online and hard copy journal subscriptions. MOTION (Publications Board) That a combined pricing structure be developed to allow members to subscribe at lower cost to both the print and online versions of a journal with new pricing to be offered for calendar year 2000. MOTION CARRIED. ACTION Publications Board will consider having a presentation on online subscriptions and possibly a video to illustrate various online attachments at the Business Meeting of the 1999 meeting.
e. Electronic Publications Board. MOTION (Publications Board) To approve the new editorial board for online publications. The proposed senior editors are: A. Alvarez, K. Scholthof, G. Schumann, R. Ploetz, M. Benson, J. Ristaino, G. Moorman, G. Ruhl, and M. Powelson. The co-editors-in-chief will be S. Douglas and J. MacDonald. MOTION CARRIED.
f. Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions - Request for Senior Editor. MOTION (Publications Board) That a new senior editor for nematode-plant interactions be added to the MPMI editorial board, and that V. Williamson be appointed to that position for the remainder of the current editorial board term. MOTION CARRIED.
2. Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions (MPMI). The annual report for MPMI (Attachment #14) was distributed to Council. J. Leach reported that one of the highlights for MPMI this year was the publication of 12 issues per year. New associate editors for MPMI are: N. Brevin, J. Parker, A. Hirsch, J. Glazebrook, M. Holsters, J. Salmeron, J. Carr, D. Ebbole, J. Schoelz, J. Kronstad, M. Arlat, F. Govers, K. Mendgen, N. Young, and S. Perotto.
3. Plant Disease. The annual report for Plant Disease was distributed to Council (Attachment #15). G. Shaner said that they are still looking into the idea of having lay-level interpretive summaries published with Plant Disease articles. These summaries would explain the value and meaning of the research described in the article. This elective summary would not be part of the article and would appear on the public access part of APSnet. Authors would be asked to write the summary after the article was accepted for publication. ACTION G. Shaner, with input from the Publications Board, will write an article for Phytopathology News about interpretive summaries of papers in Plant Disease and give an example of one.
4. Phytopathology. The annual report for Phytopathology was distributed to Council (Attachment #16). Phytopathology will add another subject section "Analytical and Theoretical Plant Pathology". There will not be another editor for this section: the manuscripts for this section will be referred to the appropriate subject section for editing. The articles that will be in this section usually reinterpret data from other publications and have been published in the Letters to the Editor section in the past. New associate editors for Phytopathology are: C. Mundt, D. Andrivon, Y. Jin, D. Bird, S. Gold, M. Davis, J. Raaijmakers, and L. van Loon.
S. Consideration of Financial Motions. MOTION to untable Financial Advisory Committee Motions. MOTION SECONDED. MOTION CARRIED. J. Sherwood distributed a handout that reviewed the budgeting implications of financial items under consideration by Council (Attachment #17). MOTION To amend the third Financial Advisory Committee motion to allocate an additional $5000 from the Annual Meeting Budget to the chair of the Program Committee for his expenses. MOTION SECONDED. MOTION CARRIED. MOTION to pass higher Motion. MOTION SECONDED. MOTION CARRIED. The following FAC Motions were considered by Council:
a. MOTION that APS provide $3,000 per year to APS Foundation for student travel awards beginning FY 1999-2000 for 5 years. MOTION CARRIED.
b. MOTION that APS provide $700 for the Glen Anderson lecture for the APS/CPS meeting in 1999. MOTION CARRIED. The Canadian Phytopathological Society will contribute $5000 to the lecture.
c. MOTION that $27,000 be provided from the operating reserve for symposia at the 1999 annual meeting of which $5,000 will be discretionary funds for use by the annual meeting Program Chair. MOTION CARRIED.
d. MOTION that $15,000 be provided to the National Plant Pathology Board to support their activities in FY 1999-2000. MOTION CARRIED. The additional funding to NPPB will be used to support travel of members to various meetings and to foster activities between the Office of Public Affairs and Education and the National Plant Pathology Board.
e. MOTION that $20,000 be provided to APs Foundation to be used as a match toward new donations. APS Foundation is trying to develop a Melhus student speaker symposium from what is currently a Melhus student speaker award. APS Foundation will decide how to use these funds to attract matching funds from donors.
f. MOTION that page charges for Phytopathology and Plant Disease for members be reduced for the first 6 pages of an article to $50 per page and remain at $80 for subsequent pages of an article; with an increase of 9% in the non-member subscription cost of Phytopathology and Plant Disease with subscription rates to take effect beginning CY2000 and the page charges to take effect after July 1, 1999 as determined by the Publications Board. This motion was written to be revenue neutral. It was noted that the current library subscription rates for APS journals are inexpensive compared to other journals. MOTION CARRIED.
g. MOTION that paper subscriptions for members to Plant Disease and Phytopathology be increased by 10% ($5) effective the beginning of CY2000 and online subscriptions remain at $40. The intent of this motion is not to increase revenue but to encourage online subscriptions. MPMI is not considered in this motion because it has a different pricing structure that is negotiated with the International Society for Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions. MOTION CARRIED.
h. MOTION that APS member dues be increased by $2 (to $63) for full members effective beginning CY2000 assuming the Consumer Price Index indicates support for $1.50 or more; if not, drop the increase to $1 (to $62). MOTION CARRIED.
i. MOTION that the Office of International Programs be provided $2000 for development and printing of a brochure effective as soon as possible. This brochure will be a promotional piece to be distributed to non-APS members at international meetings. MOTION CARRIED.
Break at 3:02 pm
Reconvene at 3:18 pm
(continued)
N. 5. APS Press. The 1998 annual report for APS Press was distributed to Council (Attachment #18). APS Press published nine new books and five new slide sets, including one also available online. The Press sold 28,993 books, including 18,479 compendia, 408 symposia, 23 monographs, 141 classics, 988 plant health management books, and 8,954 other books. Additionally, 806 slide sets, 347 CD-ROMs, 11 videodiscs, and 67 video tapes were sold. The net return to the Society was $140,786 after adjustment for the APS Press share of general and administrative overhead costs. The FY-1999 budget for APS Press includes 12 books, three slide sets, and one CD-ROM for publication. The anticipated income is $1,286,377. The net profit is estimated as $131,142 and reflects a substantial new expense for the digitization of the APS slide collection which is being prorated over a three-year period. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests will eventually move completely to APS with the eventuality of going online.6. Editorial Office. M. Wimer noted that a process for electronic tracking of manuscripts as they move through the review process will be installed. Headquarters deliberately postponed getting software for this tracking process until the new database system was installed. The commercial products available will be reviewed by Headquarters staff.
P. Reports and Items from Offices (continued)
2. Office of Electronic Communications (OEC). The formation of an Electronic Editorial Board was approved last year and senior editors have been appointed (see discussion under Publications Board, Section N.1.e). R. Ploetz will replace S. Douglas on the OEC Board. The Front Page Features on APSnet have been developed under the leadership of D. Gross. OEC asked for consideration of additional staff support for APSnet. ACTION S. Nelson and the Financial Advisory Committee will consider additional support for OEC, and they will bring a recommendation to Council at the 1999 midyear meeting.
3. Office of Public Affairs and Education (OPAE). A draft of the OPAE Charter (Attachment #19) was distributed to Council before the meeting for comments. MOTION to approve the Charter of OPAE. MOTION SECONDED. A question was raised about what outcomes are expected of OPAE. MOTION CARRIED. ACTION As the Office of Public Affairs and Education prepares a new budget request for 1000/2000, ask them to consider how they are planning to assess the impact of their activities. ACTION In order to enhance understanding of APS, Council members will refrain from using acronyms for groups in APS when appropriate. OPAE requests that Council appoint three new members to its Board. MOTION (OPAE) to appoint David Albaugh to the OPAE Board. He will also be appointed by OPAE to chair its Communications Committee. MOTION CARRIED. MOTION (OPAE) to appoint an OPAE Board member to have liaison with OIP and international activities/members. Three individuals were nominated in ranked order by OPAE. MOTION CARRIED. MOTION (OPAE) to have an OPAE Board member to have liaison with the Teaching Committee and undergrad teaching in general. Three individuals were nominated in ranked order by OPAE. MOTION CARRIED. L. Francl is resigning from the OPAE Board. ACTION C. Windels will ask OPAE to consider developing a liaison with the Cultural Diversity Committee.
Q. APS Foundation. At the Las Vegas meeting, 144 donors gave $11,060 to APS Foundation and 25% of the donors were students. At the 1997 meeting in Rochester there were 118 donors who donated a total of $7,435 to APS Foundation. A proposal was presented from a previous APS Foundation donor to provide a cash award for the International Award. Another individual, the first winner of the APS Teaching Award, wants to donate money to establish a cash award for the Teaching Award. It was emphasized that this would not change the names of the existing awards, and that there would be no effect on the selection process for these awards. A minimum donation of $10,000 would be needed to generate a $500 cash award. The intent is to have this in place by the 1999 APS annual meeting. ACTION S. Coakley will prepare a proposal for the midyear Council meeting on how to handle cash awards that would be presented with the International Programs Award, Teaching Award, and possibly other awards.
A. Vidaver will rotate off the APS Foundation Board, and the next appointment will be made by Council. Five individuals were suggested by APS Foundation, and the new Board member will be selected at the midyear meeting of Council. ACTION Council members will make additional nominations to C. Windels for replacement of A. Vidaver on the APS Foundation Board of Directors. ACTION C. Windels will provide a list of nominees (with biosketches) for the APS Foundation Board position to Council for consideration at the midyear meeting.
R. Other items - old business. No discussion.
(continued)
O. Items from Headquarters.
S. Nelson noted that there has been a major change in how APS gets the business of the
Society done. He distributed a list (Attachment
#20) of ongoing major projects and different APS sub-groups for which
Headquarters’ staff provides support. It was noted that Council allocates money for
various activities of APS, but does not allocate staff time for these projects. It is
critical that budgets developed for APS proposals include the time and money that
Headquarters will spend on the project. It is difficult for Headquarters to judge one
person’s request against another if activities have not been prioritized. It will be
necessary to have priorities and a budget in order to complete the new Strategic Plan. It
was pointed out that this is not just a financial matter, but also a question of which
opportunities APS wishes to pursue. ACTION The Financial Advisory
Committee will meet with S. Nelson and Headquarters staff before the midyear meeting of
Council to look at direct and indirect costs of activities that fall under Member
Services.
(continued)
T. Future meetings. Future
meeting dates for various groups include: midyear Council meeting, February 26 to 28,
1999; Publications Board, February 26, 1999; Financial Advisory Committee, February 25,
26, and May 6, 1999; Headquarters Operations Committee, May 7, 1999.
The meeting was adjourned at 5:06 pm.
Respectfully submitted,
Rose Gergerich
APS Secretary
Attachments for Minutes
APS Council Meeting
November 7, 8 and 12, 1998
If anyone has a question about the following attachments, please contact the current APS secretary.
2. Draft of the Minutes of the Midyear APS Council Meeting
3. Report of the APS Membership Survey
5. Simplified Accounting Sheet for Fiscal Year 1997/1998
6. Draft APS Strategic Plan, Text
7. Draft APS Strategic Plan, Poster
8. Report to Council on APS/ESA Meeting Planning
9. Mock-up of Abstract Form for the 1999 Annual Meeting
10. Notes from the APS Industry Members Meeting
12. Draft Statement on Log Imports from the Forest Pathology Committee
13. Statement from the Canadian Phytopathological Society to Support a Bilateral Research Agreement
14. Annual Report for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
15. Annual Report for Plant Disease
16. Annual Report for Phytopathology
17. Budget Implications for Financial Items
18. Annual Report for APS Press
19. Draft of the Charter for the Office of Public Affairs and Education
20. List of Ongoing Projects at APS Headquarters
Annual Reports submitted to APS Council, but not cited in the Minutes
21. Intermediate Councilor at Large
22. Carribean Division
23. North Central Division
24. Northeastern Division
25. Pacific Division
26. Potomac Division
28. Southern Division
29. American Type Culture Collection
30. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology
31. International Union of Microbiological Societies
32. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
33. Society of Nematologists
34. National Committee on Worker Safety Standards
35. APS Foundation
36. Office of International Programs
37. National Plant Pathology Board
38. Office of Public Affairs and Education
39. APS Press Annual Report
Illustrations
of Plant Pathogens and Diseases
Biological
& Cultural Tests
Phytopathological
Classics
Standardization
of Common Names for Plant Diseases
40. APS Headquarters Staff Report
41. Office of Electronic Communication
42. Certified Professional Plant Pathologist Program
43. Coalition for Education in the Life Sciences (CELS)
© Copyright 1999 by
The American Phytopathological Society