Special Sessions
Topical symposia will address the latest developments in:
Hot Topics
Crop Biosecurity:
Countering Agricultural Bioterrorism
Sponsoring Committee: Ad Hoc Committee on Bioterrorism
Organizer: R. James Cook, Washington State University,
Pullman
This symposium will cover developments related to crop biosecurity
prior to and since September 11, 2001, including: U.S. vulnerability
to and plans for countering deliberate as opposed to accidental
or unintentional introductions of plant pathogens; historical aspects
of biowarfare directed at crops; costs of plant diseases; implications
of recent and pending legislation for research, teaching, and the
free-flow of scientific information; and APS proposals and initiatives
for improving U.S. preparedness for detection, prevention, or recovery
from pathogens used as agents of bioterrorism.
Microbial Genome
Sequencing Priorities: The List Revisited
Sponsoring Committee: Public Policy Board
Organizer: Scott Gold, University of Georgia, Athens
The APS list is playing an important role in helping APS (and
its members) focus funding agency attention on plant-associated
microbial genomics. At this session we hope to discuss ways to refine
and improve channels for input into the list's criteria and structure.
The overall goal is to establish review processes to keep the list
current and inclusive.
Implications for Plant Pathology of the
NRC 2002 Report, "Countering Agricultural Bioterrorism: A Framework
for Action"
Sponsor(s): APS Ad Hoc Committee on Bioterrorism
Organizers: Larry Madden, Ohio State University, Wooster,
and R. James Cook, Washington State University, Pullman
In order to evaluate U.S. preparedness for biological threats directed towards
agricultural plants and animals, the U.S. Department of Agriculture
asked the National Research Council (NRC) in 2000 to convene
a diverse group of experts to evaluate the ability of the U.S.
to deter, prevent, detect, thwart, respond to, and recover from
an intentional, biological attack against the nation through
its supply of food and fiber. The NRC formed a committee on
Biological Threats to Agricultural Plants and Animals, which
met several times, both before and after September 11, 2001.
The report from the committee, being released during the summer,
has many implications for plant pathology and plant protection.
The Discussion Session will review the recommendations made
in the report.
General discussion of the National Research Council report on biological threats to agriculture. L.V. MADDEN, R.J. COOK, and others (to be announced)
Biology of Plant Pathogens
Symposium: Airborne Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Plant
and Human Disease
Sponsoring Committee: Mycotoxicology
Co-Sponsoring Committee(s): Mycology
Organizer: Anne Desjardins, USDA-ARS NCAUR, Peoria, IL
Plant pathogenic fungi produce a bewildering array of secondary
metabolites that can be highly toxic to plants (phytotoxins) and
animals (mycotoxins). Gaumann proposed in 1954, that “microorganisms
are pathogenic only if they are toxigenic,” but it proved difficult
to establish a causal role for fungal toxins in plant and animal
diseases. The development of molecular genetic methods has provided
tools that are being used to determine the importance of toxins
in pathogenesis. This session will feature recent advances in understanding
the biology of mycotoxigenic fungi that occur naturally in agricultural
commodities and household environments and thus raise human health
concerns. A special focus will be placed on the role of airborne
spores in epidemiology of plant and human disease.
Atmospheric spore dispersal and regional epidemiology
of the Fusarium head blight fungus. G.C. BERGSTROM and E.J.Shields.
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
Disease control via understanding molecular determinants
of sexual reproduction. B.G. TURGEON (1), D.W. Brown (2), S.-H.
Yun (3), R.D. Plattner (2), T. Lee (4), R. Dyer (2), and A.E. Desjardins
(2). (1) Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; (2) USDA, Peoria, IL; (3)
Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea; (4) Seoul National University,
Suwon, Korea
Stachybotrys chartarum and human health: Questions
and concerns. G.A. KULDAU (1), N. Jada (1), I. Yike (2), and D.
Dearborn (2). (1) Pennsylvania State University, University Park;
(2) Case Western Reserve Medical School, Cleveland, OH
A case for the potential for aerosol exposure to
ochratoxin. J.L. RICHARD (1), G.C. Smiley (1), R.D. Plattner (2),
and R.H. Tisdell (3). (1) Romer Labs, Inc., Union, MO; (2) USDA-ARS,
Peoria, IL; (3) Toxicology Litigation Consultants, Temple, TX
Fusarium head blight of small grains: Epidemics and
epidemiology. R. DILL-MACKY. University of Minnesota, St. Paul
Symposium: Chestnut Blight: A 10-Year Study
of Disease Management Using Hypoviruses
Sponsoring Committee: Forest Pathology
Co-Sponsoring Committee(s): Biological Control, Epidemiology,
Regulatory Plant Pathology
Organizer: Jane Cummings Carlson, DNR, Fitchburg, WI
Chestnut blight caused by Cryphonectria parasitica is responsible
for the demise of the chestnut forests of eastern North America
and Europe. In the 1960s chestnut trees surviving chestnut blight
were observed in Italy. These trees were infected with strains of
the fungus infected with hypoviruses that reduce the virulence of
the pathogen. A large stand of American chestnut trees in West Salem,
WI, became infected with chestnut blight in 1987. After a brief
attempt at eradication, hypoviruses were introduced in 1992 and
their dissemination followed through the stand for the past decade.
While virulent strains still predominate and are infecting previously
healthy trees, data suggest the hypoviruses are disseminating and
that trees are beginning to respond with wound callus.
Ecological history and early disease management of
an isolated stand of American chestnut in Wisconsin. J.E. CUMMINGS
CARLSON (1), F.L. Paillet (2), and S.E. Dahir (1). (1) Wisconsin
Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison; (2) U.S. Geological Survey,
Denver, CO
The decision to disseminate hypovirulent strains at
West Salem: The Michigan experience. D.W. FULBRIGHT. Michigan State
University, East Lansing
Clonal population structure and reproductive biology
of Cryphonectria parasitica. I.C. MCGUIRE and M.G. Milgroom. Cornell
University, Ithaca, NY
Hypovirus deployment, establishment and spread: Results
after six years of canker treatment. M.L. DOUBLE and W.L. MACDONALD.
West Virginia University, Morgantown
Spatial patterns of blight and hypovirus spread within
the West Salem chestnut stand. A.M. JAROSZ (1), S.E. Dahir (2) and
M.L. Double (3). (1) Michigan State University, East Lansing; (2)
Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison; (3) West Virginia
University, Morgantown
Evaluation of recovery at the West Salem chestnut
stand: A demographic analysis. A.L. DAVELOS (1), A.M. Jarosz (2),
S.E. Dahir (3), and J.E. Cummings Carlson (3). (1) University of
Minnesota, St. Paul; (2) Michigan State University, East Lansing;
(3) Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison
Chestnut breeding and hypovirulence: Integrated approaches
to the restoration of the American chestnut. J.H. CRADDOCK. University
of Tennessee, Chattanooga
Symposium: Forces that Shape Microbe Populations
in Forest Ecosystems
Sponsoring Committee: Forest Pathology
Co-Sponsoring Committee(s): Environmental Quality and
Plant Health
Organizers: Mee-Sook Kim, University of Idaho, Moscow,
and Ned Klopfenstein, USDA Forest Service, Moscow, ID
Forest ecosystems present a unique opportunity to study forces
that shape microbial populations. This symposium is designed to
reflect understanding of population genetic processes of forest
microbes and to contrast these processes with those of microbes
in agricultural ecosystems. Several examples of population structure
of forest pathogens will be presented and implications for disease
management will be discussed.
Introduction. N.B. KLOPFENSTEIN, USDA Forest Service, Moscow, ID
Forces shaping pathogen population structure in crop ecosystems: Relevance to forest ecosystems? C.C. MUNDT. Oregon State University, Corvallis
Crawling through the botryosphaerial mire: Species
definition as a prelude to population studies. G.R. STANOSZ, D.R.
Smith, and S. Zhou. University of Wisconsin, Madison
Genetic variation and potential for adaptation and
gene flow in Cronartium ribicola. P.J. ZAMBINO (1), R. Hamelin (2),
and G.I. McDonald (1). (1) USDA Forest Service, Moscow, ID; (2)
Natural Resources Canada, Sainte-Foy, QC
Toward defining Armillaria populations and determining
relationships to ecological behavior. M.-S. KIM (1), N.B. Klopfenstein
(2), J.W. Hanna (1,2), and G.I. McDonald (2). (1) University of
Idaho and (2) USDA Forest Service, Moscow, ID
Swiss needle cast-Climate, forest practices, and pathogen
genetics create an epidemic. L.M. WINTON, J.K. Stone, E.M. Hansen,
and P.W Reeser. Oregon State University, Corvallis
Life in the woods and in wood products: Genetic tales
from the ophiostomatoid front. L. BERNIER. CRBF, Université Laval,
Québec, QC, Canada
Forest clearing and fire exclusion and their impact
on microbial populations: Examples from tropical and temperate forests.
M. GARBELOTTO (1), W. Otrosina (2), I. Chapela (1), and G. Gilbert
(3). (1) University of California, Berkeley; (2) U.S. Forest Service,
Athens; (3) University of California, Santa Cruz
Phenotypic plasticity and ecotypic adaptation: Responses
of microbial populations to environmental and host variation through
time and space. G.I. McDONALD. USDA Forest Service, Moscow, ID
Symposium: The Interaction Between Endosymbiontic
Bacteria in Insects and the Circulative Transmission of Viruses
Sponsoring Committee: Virology
Organizers: Gad Loebenstein, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet
Dagan, Israel, and Henryk Czosnek, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
Insects contain a vast microorganism flora exhibiting symbiotic
relations with their host. In this section we will discuss some
of these interactions and how they affect the biology of the host.
- Whitefly and aphid endosymbiotic bacteria produce GroEL chaperonins,
which prevent degradation of plant circulative viruses belonging
to a number of genera. Interaction between GroEL and virus capsid
in the insect haemolymph allows the safe transit of the virus
to the salivary glands and transmission.
- Spiroplasmas establish a vast array of interactions with
insects, ranging from epiphytic to symbiotic to pathogenic. Studies
of the propagative persistent transmission of the corn stunt Spiroplasma
(CSS) Spiroplasma kunkelii by its leafhopper vector Dalbulus maidis
indicate that CSS does not negatively affect the insect vector;
on the contrary, CSS may produce metabolites advantageous for
D. maidis, explaining the mutual beneficial association.
- Endosymbionts may play a role in the evolution of their insect
host. Whiteflies harbor prokaryotic symbionts, some of which provide
nutritional needs, whereas others may be nonessential or deleterious.
Examination of symbionts for the whitefly B. tabaci from different
plant hosts and geographical locations revealed a diverse array
of microflora: besides a primary symbiont, 65% harbored secondary
symbionts and at least 33% harbored Wolbachia.
Introduction. H. CZOSNEK, Hebrew University. Rehovot,
Israel Chaperonin camouflage of plant viruses. J.F.J.M. VAN DEN
HEUVEL (1), S.A. Hogenhout (2), V. Ziegler-Graff (3), S. Morin (4),
H. Czosnek (4), K. Richards (3), and F. van der Wilk (2). (1) De
Ruiter Seeds, Bergschenhoek, Netherlands; (2) Plant Research International,
Wageningen, Netherlands; (3) IBMP-CNRS, Strasbourg, France; (4)
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
Prokaryotes associated with the whitefly Bemisia tabaci:
A possible role in fitness and evolution of biotypes. J.K. BROWN
and E. Zchori-Fein. University of Arizona, Tucson
Differential pathogenicity of corn stunt spiroplasma
to its Dalbulus leafhopper vectors: Electron microscopic findings.
S.A. HOGENHOUT and E. Özbek. Ohio State University, Wooster
Transmission of Tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus
by its whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci depends on the interaction
between the virus and the insect endosymbiotic GroEL. H. CZOSNEK,
S. Morin, and M. Ghanim. Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot,
Israel
Symposium: Spatial Scale and Phyllosphere Biology
Sponsoring Committee: Phyllosphere Microbiology
Co-Sponsoring Committee(s): Epidemiology
Organizer: Christopher Mundt, Oregon State University,
Corvallis
Phyllosphere microorganisms are influenced by processes that
operate on spatial scales ranging from microns to hundreds of kilometers.
Speakers in this session will present data concerning microbial
processes that operate at vastly different spatial scales and discuss
the extent to which the scale of experimental observation determines
inferences concerning phyllosphere biology.
Significance of interactions of bacteria on leaves
at small spatial scales. S.E. LINDOW. University of California,
Berkeley
Pseudomonas syringae in the phyllosphere at scales
from leaf to field. C.D. UPPER, S.S. Hirano, and M.K. Clayton. University
of Wisconsin, Madison
Microbial dispersal and epidemic velocity: Does scale
matter? C.C. MUNDT, L. Wallace, and C. Cowger. Oregon State University,
Corvallis
Integrating aerial dispersal of microbes across spatial
scales. D.E. AYLOR. Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station,
New Haven
Symposium: Surface Interactions and Biofilms
of Plant-Associated Microbes
Sponsoring Committee: Bacteriology
Co-Sponsoring Committee(s): Phyllosphere Microbiology
Organizers: Clay Fuqua, Indiana University, Bloomington,
and Steve Lindow, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley
Microorganisms often associate with surfaces in adherent assemblages
called biofilms. Biofilms and other related multicellular aggregates
that form at interfaces allow bacteria to persist in specific microenvironments,
facilitate access to nutrients concentrated at surfaces, and provide
protection from predation and antimicrobial treatments. Bacterial
pathogens also must associate with host surfaces during the process
of infection and can often form biofilms at these surfaces. A large
percentage of bacterial infections in animals are thought to involve
biofilms that can form infective foci on host tissue. For plant
pathogens, there has been significant work on the initial attachment
to plant surfaces. However, until recently, plant-associated microbes
have not been studied in the context of biofilms. Speakers in this
session will provide insights into the similarities and differences
between the surface interactions of plant and animal pathogens,
and examine the extent to which microbial biofilm formation is integrated
with plant pathogenesis.
Differential survival of solitary and aggregated cells
of Pseudomonas syringae on leaves. S.E. LINDOW. University California,
Berkeley
Role of water availability during colonization of
leaf surfaces. G. A. BEATTIE and C. A. Axtell. Iowa State University,
Ames
Surface attachment and biofilm formation in Pantoea
stewartii subsp. stewartii: Key features of Stewarts wilt disease
development. S.B. VON BODMAN, M. Koutsoudis, and T. D. Minogue.
University of Connecticut, Storrs
Interactions of Agrobacterium tumefaciens with inert
surfaces. C. FUQUA (1) and A.G. Matthysse (2). (1) Indiana University,
Bloomington; (2) University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Interactions of Agrobacterium tumefaciens with plant
surfaces. A. G. MATTHYSSE. University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill
Biofilm development on surfaces in terrestrial habitats.
L.J. HALVERSON. Iowa State University, Ames
Biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces by a fluorescent
pseudomonad. S. HINSA (1), M. Espinosa-Urgel (2), and G. O'Toole
(1). (1) Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH; (2) Estacion Exerimental
del Zaidin CSIC, Spain
The cep quorum-sensing system of Burkholderia cepacia
is a regulatory checkpoint for biofilm development. L. EBERL. Technical
University of Munich, Freising, Germany
Diseases of Plants
Discussion: Sudden Oak Death: A New Disease
Reported On Oaks and Rhododendrons
Sponsoring Committee: Forest Pathology
Co-Sponsoring Committee(s): Regulatory Plant Pathology,
Diseases of Ornamental Plants, Mycology
Organizer: Sue Cohen, USDA-APHIS, St. Paul, MN
This session will provide a discussion forum on the impacts
of a newly described fungal pathogen, Phytophthora ramorum (Sudden
Oak Death) on the forest ecosystems and ornamental nursery industry
in the United States. This disease has caused significant mortality
in tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus), coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia),
and California black oak (Q. kelloggii) species in the coastal areas
of central California. Speakers will review and discuss the current
research studies on the pathogen biology, host range, survey methodology,
and treatments for disease control.
Introduction. S. COHEN, USDA-APHIS, University of
Minnesota, St. Paul
A molecular approach to the study of the distribution,
host range, and variability across populations of Phytophthora ramorum.
M. GARBELOTTO. University of California, Berkeley
Epidemiology of Phytophthora ramorum (Sudden Oak Death)
in California oak woodlands. J. DAVIDSON. University of California,
Davis
Monitoring and detection of Sudden Oak Death in forest
environments. B. TKACZ. U.S. Forest Service, Washington, DC
Infectivity of Phytophthora ramorum on selected ericaceous
host species. P. TOOLEY. USDA-ARS, Ft. Detrick, MD
Plants, trade, and the pest parade: Industry perspectives
on international movement of plant propagative materials and plant
pests like Sudden Oak Death. C. REGELBRUGGE. American Nursery and
Landscape Association, Washington, DC
Risk assessment as a tool for change: Impacts on regulatory
issues of Sudden Oak Death. S. COHEN. USDA-APHIS, St. Paul, MN
Epidemiology/Ecology/Environmental Plant Pathology
Symposium: Creating the Right Environment for
Biological Control
Sponsoring Committee: Biological Control
Co-Sponsoring Committee(s): Soil Microbiology and Root
Diseases
Organizer: Brion Duffy, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA
Biological control is a viable disease management strategy with
increasing agricultural importance as part of integrated pest management,
particularly in sustainable and organic systems. One of the main
constraints to more widespread and larger-scale application of biocontrol
is its oftentimes-variable performance relative to chemical pesticides
or other disease control measures. This symposium takes a holistic
view of the diverse environmental conditions that influence biocontrol.
Each speaker presents unique approaches for improving efficacy and
reliability by selecting or creating more favorable conditions in
order to realize the full promise of biocontrol.
Creating the right environment for biological control.
B. DUFFY, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA
Matching the right strain for particular host genotypes.
K.P. SMITH. University of Minnesota, St. Paul
Manipulating host plant nutrition to alter biocontrol
activity. W.H. ELMER (1) and D.M. Huber (2). (1) Connecticut Agricultural
Experiment Station, New Haven; (2) Purdue University, West Lafayette,
IN
Identifying and manipulating soil factors that influence
biocontrol. B.H. OWNLEY (1) and B. Duffy (2). (1) University of
Tennessee, Knoxville; (2) USDA-ARS, Albany, CA
An holistic approach towards improving biocontrol
of nematodes. R.A. SIKORA. University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Pathogen self defense against attack by microbial
antagonists. B. DUFFY (1), A. Schouten (2), and J.M. Raaijmakers
(2). (1) USDA-ARS, Albany, CA; (2), Wageningen University, Netherlands
Fitting into the crowd: Defining relationships between
indigenous microflora and introduced biocontrol agents. B.B. MCSPADDEN
GARDENER. Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster
Biotechnology applications to improve biocontrol in
the rhizosphere. Y. MOENNE-LOCCOZ. Universite Claude Bernard, Villeurbanne,
France
Symposium: Detection and Management of Foodborne
Human Pathogens on Fruits and Vegetables
Sponsoring Committee: Postharvest Pathology
Organizers: William Conway, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD,
and Wojciech Janisiewicz, USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, WV
This symposium will address food safety, an area of research
that is becoming increasingly important nationally and internationally.
Current problems will be discussed in general, and controversial
issues will be addressed in more detail. Novel approaches for the
detection and management of foodborne human pathogens, as well as
the ability to reduce the populations of these pathogens on produce
using chemical and biological control methods, will be presented.
Introduction. W.S. CONWAY, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD
Human pathogens on plant-derived foods: Current problems.
A.J. MILLER. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD
New approaches for the detection and management of
foodborne human pathogens on fresh produce. J.D. BARAK. USDA-ARS,
Albany CA
Biocontrol of foodborne human pathogens. B. LEVERENTZ.
USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD
Chemical control of foodborne human pathogens. J.A.
BARTZ. University of Florida, Gainesville
Irrigation, fertilization, internalization: The on
farm cycle of E. coli O157:H7. K.R. MATTHEWS. Rutgers University,
New Brunswick, NJ
Workshop: Diagnosis of Abiotic Diseases
Sponsoring Committee: Environmental Quality and Plant
Health
Co-Sponsoring Committee(s): Diseases of Ornamental Plants,
Diagnostics
Organizer: Charles Krause, USDA-ARS, Wooster, OH
The Environmental Quality and Plant Health Committee is sponsoring
a workshop entitled "Diagnosis of Abiotic Plant Disease". Following
an introduction, these topics will be discussed: Abiotic disease
diagnosis of ornamental crops, clinical diagnosis of herbicide injury,
diagnosis of air pollution injury to plants, and new innovative
methods of abiotic disease diagnosis. A panel discussion by all
speakers will conclude this session. Diagnosticians, extension workers,
researchers, regulatory plant pathologists and students will find
this session of interest
Symposium: Managing Risk to Minimize Crop Loss
Sponsoring Committee: Plant Disease Losses
Co-Sponsoring Committee(s): Regulatory Plant Pathology
Organizers: William Turechek, Cornell University, Geneva,
NY, and Gareth Hughes, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
In production agriculture, the potential for catastrophic losses
due to plant disease is always present. Growers and nurserymen are
acutely aware that many of the varieties of plants they grow or
propagate and their everyday horticultural and pest management practices
place them at risk for serious epidemic of one or more endemic or
possibly invasive pathogens. Moreover, the risk of introducing a
foreign, new, and/or invasive pathogen is increased dramatically
with international and cross-continental trade. Typically, this
type of trade is out of the hands of the average grower. Seemingly,
the risks are well managed. In this symposium, approaches to evaluating
and managing risk in international trade and production agriculture
will be addressed.
Introduction. W. Turechek, Cornell University, Geneva,
NY
Virus resistant transgenic plants reduce crop loss
directly and minimizes damage to nontransgenic plants in the vicinity.
D. GONSALVES. Cornell University, Geneva, NY
Development of an infection risk forecaster for hop
powdery mildew. W.F. MAHAFFEE (1), C.S. Thomas (2), W.W. Turechek
(3), C.M. Ocamb (4), and W.D. Gubler (5). (1) USDA-ARS, Corvallis,
OR; (2) FieldWise, Yuba City, CA; (3) Cornell University, Geneva,
NY; (4) Oregon State University, Corvallis; (5) University of California,
Davis
How to interpret a positive identification. L.G. BROWN.
USDA APHIS, Raleigh, NC
The maximum pest limit concept. G. HUGHES. University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.
Bayesian approaches to plant disease forecasting.
J.E. YUEN. Swedish University of Agricultural, Upsala
Risk assessment, concept, terminology, development
and future opportunities. E.S. NICHOLS. USDA APHIS, Washington DC
Risk assessment, concept, terminology, development
and future opportunities. X.B. YANG. Iowa State University, Ames
Workshop: Meta-Analysis: Synthesis Across Studies
in Plant Pathology
Sponsoring Committee: Epidemiology
Co-Sponsoring Committee(s): Plant Disease Losses
Organizers: Sarah Jane Pethybridge, University of Tasmania,
Burnie, TAS, Australia, and Karen Garrett, Kansas State University,
Manhattan
Meta-analysis is the quantitative synthesis of the results of
independent experiments. In this hands-on workshop participants
will be introduced to this powerful statistical technique and its
applicability in plant pathology. Participants will gain a comprehensive
understanding of the questions answered by this type of analyses
and key components of the analyses such as effect sizes, data collection,
the choice and models and variations available, and other issues
involved in the use of such analyses. Examples of results from sample
data from the field of plant pathology and the steps involved in
a typical meta-analysis will be featured. This session is limited
to 30 participants with their own laptop computer. The computer
must have an operating system of Windows 95 or above.
Introduction. S. PETHYBRIDGE, University of Tasmania,
Burnie, TAS, Australia
Meta-analysis. K.A. GARRETT. Kansas State University,
Manhattan, KS
Meta-analysis: Synthesis across studies in plant pathology.
M.S. ROSENBERG. Arizona State University, Tempe
Symposium: New Applications of Statistical Tools
in Plant Pathology
Sponsoring Committee: Epidemiology
Organizers: Karen Garrett, Kansas State University, Manhattan,
and Bill Pfender, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR
This symposium offers a bird's-eye view of a number of statistical
tools that can benefit research in plant pathology. The emphasis
in this session is on what these tools offer to researchers and
how they can improve the interpretation of experimental responses.
Introduction to symposium and to meta-analysis applications.
K.A. GARRETT. Kansas State University, Manhattan
Epidemiological applications of failure time analysis.
H. SCHERM. University of Georgia, Griffin
Use of linear mixed models for analyzing data obtained
in designed experiments. L. MADDEN. Ohio State University, Wooster
Non-parametric tests in plant disease epidemiology.
W.W. TURECHEK. Cornell University, Geneva, NY
Using multivariate statistics in phytopathological
research. S. SANOGO (1) and X.B. Yang (2). (1) New Mexico State
University, Las Cruces; (2) Iowa State University, Ames
Squeezing the turnip with artificial neural nets.
L.J. FRANCL. North Dakota State University, Fargo
Decision theory applications in plant pathology. G.
HUGHES. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Bayesian analysis in plant pathology. A.L. MILA, X.B.
Yang, and A.L. Carriquiry. Iowa State University, Ames
Symposium: 3rd IE Melhus Graduate Student Symposium:
New Thesis Research Contributions to Plant Disease Epidemiology
Sponsoring Committee: Epidemiology
Organizer: Bill Pfender, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR
The 3rd annual IE Melhus Graduate Student Symposium will feature
selected papers by graduate students in the field of plant disease
epidemiology.
Introduction. B. PFENDER, USDA-ARS, Oregon State University,
Corvallis
The I.E. Melhus Fund. D. MATHRE. Montana State University,
Bozeman
Epidemiology of downy mildew of oilseed poppy. J.B.
SCOTT (1), F.S. Hay (1), C.R. Wilson (1), P.J. Cotterill (2) and
A.J. Fist (3). (1) University of Tasmania, Burnie, TAS, Australia;
(2) GlaxoSmithKline, Latrobe, TAS, Australia; (3) Tasmanian Alkaloids,
Westbury, TAS, Australia
The influence of environment and host growth for improved
fungicide applications for control of southern stem rot of peanut.
S.L. RIDEOUT (1), T.B. Brenneman (1), and K.L. Stevenson (2). (1)
University of Georgia, Tifton; (2) University of Georgia, Athens
Bayesian mapping of soybean Sclerotinia stem rot in
the U.S. north-central region: An approach from human epidemiology.
A.L. MILA, X.B. Yang, and A.L. Carriquiry. Iowa State University,
Ames
Molecular/Cellular Plant-Microbe Interactions
Symposium: Functional Genomics of Plant-Pathogen
Interactions
Sponsoring Committee: Genetics
Co-Sponsoring Committee(s): Biochemistry, Physiology,
and Molecular Biology
Organizer: Seogchan Kang, Pennsylvania State University,
University Park
At present, the genomes of more than 150 microorganisms have
been sequenced or sequencing projects are underway. Although plant
pathogens have been underrepresented in this group, this situation
is rapidly improving due to the community-wide efforts to promote
the genomics of plant pathogenic organisms. Information and technology
resources derived from these efforts will significantly enhance
our ability to develop effective measures to control important plant
diseases. This symposium will not only highlight the progress of
genome sequencing efforts for selected plant pathogens, but also
present how genome sequence data have been utilized to investigate
the biology and evolution of pathogens and the mechanisms of their
interactions with host plants.
Introduction. S. KANG, Pennsylvania State University,
University Park
The rice blast genome project takes off! R. DEAN.
North Carolina State University, Raleigh
Comparative genomic analysis of fungal plant pathogens.
B.G. TURGEON (1,2), P. Amedeo (2), S.E. Baker (2), B.-N. Lee (2),
S. Kroken (2), N. Catlett (2), U. Gunawardena (2), B. Robbertse
(2), J. Wu (2), E. Wagner (2), O.C. Yoder (2). (1) Cornell University,
Ithaca, NY; (2) Torrey Mesa Research Institute, San Diego, CA
Functional genomics of Phytophthora-plant interactions.
T.A. Torto (1), A. Testa (1), M. Tiang (1), W.R. Morgan (2), D.
Kinney (1), E. Huitema (1), W. Hamada (1), S. Dong (1), J. Bos (1),
S. KAMOUN (1). (1) Ohio State University, Wooster; (2) College of
Wooster, Wooster, OH
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000: Genomics and
phytopathogenicity. A. COLLMER (1), J.R. Alfano (2), A.M. Baldo
(3), C.R. Buell (4), S. Cartinhour (3), A.K. Chatterjee (5), T.P.
Delaney (1), S.G. Lazarowitz (1), G.B. Martin (1), D.J. Schneider
(3), X. Tang (6). (1) Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; (2) University
of Nebraska, Lincoln; (3) USDA-ARS, Ithaca, NY; (4) Institute for
Genomic Research, Rockville, MD; (5) University of Missouri, Columbia;
(6) Kansas State University, Manhattan
Discovery of plant genes required for disease resistance
through a combination of expression profiling and reverse genetics.
J. GLAZEBROOK, J.D. Clarke, B. Estes, W. Chen, H.-S. Chang, and
T. Zhu. Torrey Mesa Research Institute, San Diego, CA
Symposium: How Many Genes Does It Take to Make
a Plant Pathogen?
Sponsoring Committee: Genetics
Organizer: Anthony Glenn, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA
Bacteria, fungi, and nematodes employ diverse mechanisms of
pathogenicity during their associations with host plants. The traditional
"one-gene-at-a-time" approach to examination of their genetic determinants
is now evolving into broader inquiries of gene expression, and basic
questions of host-pathogen interaction are being addressed more
robustly. Out of this comes greater understanding of genetic factors
affecting the pathogen's host specificity, nutrient acquisition,
physiology, and virulence, as well as aspects of the host defense
biology. So how many genes are necessary to make a plant pathogen?
The diverse group of experts collected here will share their unique
insights on a range of pathogens and facilitate discussion on this
question.
Introduction. A. GLENN, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA
How many genes does it take for a human pathogen to
become a plant pathogen? L.G. RAHME. Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts
General Hospital and Shriner's Burns Institute, Boston
Rust fungi: An obligate-parasitic life style. L.J.
SZABO. USDA-ARS and University of Minnesota, St. Paul
Comparative analysis of fungal pathogenicity using
Arabidopsis thaliana as a host. E. Mullins (1), P. Rauyaree (1),
M. Ospina-Giraldo (1), R. Raina (1), K. Czymmek (2), R. Bhat (3),
K. Subbarao (3), K. Dobinson (4), S. KANG (1). (1) Pennsylvania
State, University Park; (2) University of Delaware, Newark; (3)
University of California, Salinas; (4) Agric and Agri-Food Canada,
London, ON
Genetic requirements for fungal pathogenicity to plants.
A.E. OSBOURN (1), K. Bourab (1), N. Diaz (1), M. Dufresne (2), A.
Foster (1), M. Guilleroux (1), A. Sesma (1). (1) Sainsbury Laboratory,
Norwich, UK; (2) Université Paris-Sud, Orsay Cedex, France
What does a worm want with 20,000 genes? The evolution
of plant-parasitism, and the essential-gene conundrum. D.McK. BIRD
and E.S. Scholl. North Carolina State University, Raleigh
Symposium: Programmed Cell Death in Disease
and Development
Sponsoring Committee: Biochemistry, Physiology, and Molecular
Biology Committee
Organizer: Tom Wolpert, Oregon State University, Corvallis
Programmed cell death (PCD) is one of the most-studied phenomena
in contemporary cell biology and has recently been implicated in
a number of important plant processes. PCD is a genetically/physiologically
regulated form of cell death that involves the organized disassembly
of the cell and is distinct from necrosis that arises from severe
cellular damage. PCD occurs during normal developmental processes
and has also been associated with disease. Speakers will discuss
the role of PCD in both plant development and disease.
Introduction. T. WOLPERT, Oregon State University,
Corvallis
Programmed cell death during tracheary element differentiation.
A.M. JONES. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Dissecting the loss of HR cell death in Arabidopsis
defense, no death (dnd) mutants. A. BENT (1,2), G. Jurkowski (1,2),
R. Smith (1,2), I.-C. Yu (2), K. Fengler (2) S. Clough (2), and
B. Lippok (2). (1) University of Wisconsin, Madison; (2) formerly
at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign
Apoptotic regulatory factors in plants are targets
for engineering novel disease resistance. D. GILCHRIST. University
of California, Davis
The host selective toxin, victorin, and its induction
of programmed cell death. T.J. WOLPERT, W.C. Coffeen, M.J. Curtis,
J.M. Lorang, N. Carkaci-Salli, and T.A. Sweat, Oregon State University,
Corvallis
Disease/stress protection in plants expressing animal
and plant anti-apoptotic genes. M.B. DICKMAN. University of Nebraska,
Lincoln
Symposium: Viral Expression Vectors
Sponsoring Committee: Virology
Organizers: Alex Karasev, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, PA, and Roy French, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE
Plant viruses have long been considered pathogens worth only
fighting against. In the last 15 years, however, molecular tools
were developed that turned at least some of these agricultural enemies
into valuable allies useful in plant molecular biology research,
and also in expression of different value-added products in plants.
This special session provides an update on the current state of
the field. It addresses both the research value of the plant virus
vectors, and their use for production of biomedicals and other specialty
products in plants. Two new viral vectors developed within the last
3-4 years will be described, as well as applications of existing
lines of vectors to the production of new biomedicals, vaccine components
and therapeutics against HIV-1.
Introduction. A. KARASEV, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, PA
From an enemy to an ally: Applications of plant virus
vectors in research and production. J.A. LINDBO, G. Pogue, S. Garger,
W. Fitzmaurice. Large Scale Biology Corporation, Vacaville, CA
Utility of the beet yellows virus for gene expression
in plants. V.V. DOLJA (1) and G.P. Pogue (2). (1) Oregon State University,
Corvallis; (2) Large Scale Biology Corp., Vacaville, CA
Improving a wheat streak mosaic virus based gene expression
vector for cereal crops. R. FRENCH, K. M. Horken, and D. C. Stenger.
USDA-ARS, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
Plant virus-based vectors in agriculture and biotechnology.
L.G. NEMCHINOV, Y. Zhao, and R.W. Hammond. USDA-ARS, Beltsville,
MD
Production of HIV-1 vaccine components in plants using
virus vectors. A.V. KARASEV, B.V. Kim, K.J. Shon, and H. Koprowski.
Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
Plant Disease Management
Symposium: Commercial Biopesticides: Practice
and Experience
Sponsoring Committee: Biological Control
Organizers: William F. Stoneman, Encore Technologies,
McFarland, WI, and Prem Warrior, Valent BioSciences, Libertyville,
IL
Thousands of research hours and dollars are spent each year
studying biological agents for control of plant diseases and other
crop pests. Nearly every university or USDA-ARS plant pathologist
has some experience with a fungal or bacterial agent that has potential
to control plant disease. Few of these agents make it to practical
field application. Practicality, efficacy, economics, regulatory
concerns and commercial manufacturing limitations are among the
reasons many agents never reach producers. This symposium will explore
three commercial biopesticides that are in the market and have a
position in commercial production of food and fiber. Coniothyrium
minitans is commercially marketed under the trade names Contans
WG and Intercept WG. This commercial product was recently registered
with the EPA. It is very useful to control of plant diseases caused
by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor. The 2002 growing
season is its second in North America. DiTera is a biological nematicide
effecting against a range of species. DiTera provides effective
control of some of the toughest nematodes through a unique mode
of action. The benefits of using DiTera can be seen through increases
in crop yield and/or crop quality. DiTera ES, a liquid formulation,
can be used to control nematodes on cole crops, grapes and some
tree crops. The granular formulations, DiTera G and DiTera WDG,
are for use on banana tree crops and ornamentals. Bio-Save 1000,
Bio-Save 100 and Bio-Save 110 have been in the commercial market
for 5+ years. The active agents in these postharvest biofungicides
are select strains of Pseudomonas syringae. Bio-Save 1000 has been
tested for use postharvest to control dry rot and silver scurf of
potatoes in storage. A survey of the work done in Idaho and Montana
will be presented.
Coniothyrium minitans for practical control of sclerotinia
diseases. W.F. STONEMAN. McFarland, WI
Practical alternatives for controlling white mold
in snap bean production. W.R. STEVENSON, R.V. James and R.E. Rand.
University of Wisconsin, Madison
Parasitism of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
by Coniothyrium minitans. H.R. DILLARD and A.C. Cobb. Cornell University,
Geneva, NY
DiTera: Mode of action of a biological nematicide.
R.N. PERRY. Plant Pathogen Interactions Division, IACR-Rothamsted,
Harpenden Herts, UK
Experiences in the field development of a biological
nematicide. B.B. WESTERDAHL. University of California, Davis
Biological management of postharvest diseases. J.P.
STACK. University of Nebraska, Clay Center
Control of Fusarium dry rot and silver scurf of potato
with Pseudomonas syringae containing products Bio-Save 100 and Bio-Save
1000. B.J. JACOBSEN. Montana State University, Bozeman
Symposium: Comparison of Molecular Marker Techniques
and How They Can be Used in Breeding Programs
Sponsoring Committee: Host Resistance
Organizer: Anne Dorrance, Ohio State University, Wooster
Breeding for disease resistance is a cornerstone of disease
management for many crops. Molecular markers have expedited this
process for some crops, but with every tool there are advantages
and limitations. New molecular technologies and strategies, including
ESTs, RGAs synteny, and microarrays may hold promise in overcoming
previous hurdles to identify novel resistance genes, elucidate mechanisms
of resistance, as well as expedite the development of disease resistant
cultivars. Experts in these technologies will share their insights
with APS members who focus on crop development, physiology of host
parasite interactions, and molecular biology.
Introduction. A. DORRANCE, Ohio State University,
Wooster
Past, present, and future of marker-assisted breeding.
N.D. YOUNG. University of Minnesota, St. Paul
Using candidate ESTs as a marker for disease resistance
gene mapping and breeding in rice. G.L. WANG. Ohio State University,
Columbus
Evolution of disease resistance with implications
about the use of markers across plant species. B.-C. KANG, M. Mazourek,
and M. Jahn. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
Resistance gene analog polymorphism, a powerful technique
for developing molecular markers for disease resistance genes. X.M.
CHEN. USDA-ARS, Washington State University, Pullman
Global gene expression analyses in soybean using microarrays.
L O. VODKIN (1), R. Shealy, A. Khanna (1), F. Thibaud-Nissen (1),
S. Clough (1), R. Philip (1), E. Shoop (2), C. Schmidt (2), and
E. Retzel (2). (1) University of Illinois, Urbana; (2) University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis
Use of microarrays in plant breeding programs. D.
GALBRAITH. University of Arizona, Tucson
Panel discussion
Discussion: Diagnosis and Management of Nematodes
on Ornamental Plants
Sponsoring Committee: Nematology
Organizer: William T. Crow, University of Florida, Gainesville
Current nematode management research on landscape
plants in Florida. W. T. CROW (1), R. McSorley (1), J. Brito (2),
D.W. Dickson (1), and R. D. Lima (3). (1) University of Florida,
Gainesville; (2) Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer
Services, Gainesville; (3) Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa,
MG
Nematode management on herbaceous perennial ornamentals.
J.A. LAMONDIA. Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Windsor
Field diagnosis of nematodes in ornamentals. R. A.
DUNN. Scottsville, VA
Foliar nematodes in nursery production: An industry
perspective. N.A. RECHCIGL. Yoder Brothers, Inc., Parrish, FL
Panel. C.Y. WARFIELD (North Carolina State University,
Raleigh); J.A. LAMONDIA , R.A. DUNN , and N.A. RECHCIGL.
Symposium: Innovations in Bacterial Disease
Control Materials
Sponsoring Committee: Chemical Control
Co-Sponsoring Committee(s): Bacteriology and Integrated
Pest Management
Organizer: Norman Lalancette, Rutgers University, Bridgeton,
NJ
Some of the most difficult plant diseases to manage are those
incited by bacterial plant pathogens. Integration of cultural practices,
disease resistance, and bactericide applications is often necessary
to achieve adequate control. However, unlike many fungal diseases,
the choice of application materials, whether chemical or biological
in nature, is limited in number, type, and degree of efficacy. This
symposium reviews our current standards, copper and antibiotics,
and explores some of the most recent alternative materials used
for bacterial disease management.
Introduction. N. LALANCETTE, Rutgers University, Bridgeton,
NJ
The role of copper in bacterial disease management.
D.F. RITCHIE. North Carolina State University, Raleigh
The uncertain future of antibiotics for control of
bacterial diseases of plants. V. STOCKWELL. Oregon State University,
Corvallis
Biological controls for bacterial diseases: How do
they work and how effective are they? T.J. BURR. Cornell University,
Geneva, NY
Bacterial disease protection with acibenzolar-s-methyl.
A. TALLY (1), D. McKenzie (2), and G. Cloud (1). Syngenta Crop Protection,
(1) Greensboro, NC, and (2) Basle, Switzerland
A beta 1-3 glucan, specific in marine alga, stimulates
plant defense reactions and induces resistance against certain pathogens.
S.P. KELLY and K. BERNARD. Agrimar Corporation, Flowery Branch,
GA, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Roscoff, France.
Plant growth regulators: A novel approach to managing
fire blight of apple shoots. K.S. YODER. Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Winchester
Control of bacterial leaf spot on tomato with bacteriophages.
J.B. JONES (1), A. Obradovic (1), B. Balogh (1), M. T. Momol (2)
and L.E. Jackson (3). University of Florida, (1) Gainesville and
(2) Quincy; (3) AgriPhi, Inc., Logan, UT
Symposium: IPM Labeling - Has the Time Come?
Sponsoring Committee: Integrated Pest Management
Co-Sponsoring Committee(s): Chemical Control
Organizers: Greta Schuster, West Texas A&M University,
Canyon, and David Langston, University of Georgia, Tifton
IPM has progressed significantly since its original conception
in 1972 and may now answer concerns of many consumers. The acceptance
of the IPM philosophy by most producers, administrators and legislatures
suggest that it is now time to examine whether consumers will offer
marketing opportunities for IPM producers. Today's producer is familiar
with IPM practices and implements such practices on a daily basis
but consumers have little ability to distinguish IPM from non-IPM
products. As one of the speakers, Tom Green of the IPM Institute
of North America stated in his abstract "Consumers face a continuous
barrage of negative news about agricultural and agrochemical impacts
on the environment and health." With emerging issues such as genetically
modified foods, pesticide use and misuse, and the impact FQPA is
having on the cancellations of important pesticides to agriculture,
this session was formed to discuss concerns dealing with the labeling
of foods. These issues deal with the concerns in accepting IPM-labeled
foods, IPM standards, the enforcement and monitoring of such crops
and/or documentation of such crops, the litigation issues, and the
education of consumers about the environmental benefits of IPM production
practices. Speakers will discuss successes and failures of labeling
of vegetables, marketing as well as the federal agencies viewpoint.
Introduction. G. SCHUSTER, West Texas A&M University,
Canyon, TX
The Massachusetts IPM certification experience: Partners
with Nature. C.S. HOLLLINGSWORTH and W.M. Coli. University of Massachusetts,
Amherst
Using IPM to communicate with consumers about pest
management. C. H. PETZOLDT. Cornell University, Geneva, NY
A retailers experience with IPM marketing. W.M. POOL.
Wegmans Food Markets, Rochester, NY
An overview of the IPM-based eco-labeling industry.
T.A. GREEN. IPM Institute of North America, Inc., Madison, WI
IPM labeling: Challenges and opportunities from the
federal perspective. H.D. COBLE. USDA, Raleigh, NC
Panel discussion/questions. S. ALEXANDER. Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University, Painter
Discussion: New Products and Services
Sponsoring Committee: Industry
Organizer: Rami Soufi, Crompton Corp., Bethany, CT
The objective of this session is to provide a forum highlighting
new products or services that are in the pipeline or will soon be
offered to growers and researchers to aid them in managing their
plant disease management operations.
Introduction. R. SOUFI. Crompton Corp., Bethany, CT
Hurricane for the control of root and stem rot diseases
of ornamentals. D. HOUSEWORTH. Syngenta Crop Protection, Fernandina
Beach, FL
Update on new uses and registrations for Syngenta
fungicides. J. FRANK and A. Tally. Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro,
NC
The use of Serenade biofungicide in programs to control
tomato diseases in the U.S. H.B. HIGHLAND (1), P. Roberts (2), and
S. Alexander (3). (1) Agraquest, Inc., Nokomis, FL; (2) University
of Florida, Imokalee, FL; (3) Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
State University, Painter, VA
Milsana bioprotectant--Update. H. VON AMSBERG. KHH
BioSci, Inc., Raleigh, NC
BASF fungicide portfolio: Current and future products
update. S. BROSCIOUS and T. Bardinelli. BASF Corp., Research Triangle
Park, NC
Update on Cabrio performance for vegetable diseases.
J. HELM (1), T. Burkdoll (2), P. Bruno (3), and T. Bardinelli (4).
BASF Corp., (1) Fresno, CA, (2) Visalia, CA, (3) Richmond, TX, and
(4) Research Triangle Park, NC
Update on Headline performance for sugarbeet and potato
diseases. J. FRIE (1), V. Ulstad (2), and T. Bardinelli (3). BASF
Corp., (1) Horace, ND, (2) Fargo, ND, and (3) Research Triangle
Park, NC
Headline performance and update on peanuts. S. NEWELL
(1), T. McKemie (2), B. Jacobson (3), S. Asher (4), and J. Barnes
(5). BASF Corp., (1) Statesboro, GA, (2) Durham, NC, (3) Tifton,
GA, (4) Lubbock, TX, and (5) Raleigh, NC
Coniothyrium minitans: A practical biological approach
to controlling Sclerotinia diseases. B. STONEMAN. Encore Technologies
LLC, McFarland, WI
Containment facilities for phytopathological studies.
R. DENIS. Agritechnove, Inc., St. Anselme, QC, Canada
CaptEvate: A new broad spectrum fungicide for the
control of diseases on strawberries, caneberries, bushberries, grapes,
stone fruit and almonds. P. HAIKAL and C. Schiller. Arvesta Corporation,
San Francisco, CA
Control of corn leaf diseases with Stratego. M. SCHWARZ,
W. DeWeese, J. Hinz, J. Francis and L. Nearman. Bayer Corporation,
Kansas City, MO
Update of new Trifloxystrobin and Tebuconazole registrations
in the United States. J. BLOOMBERG, B. Rose and M. Tolliver. Bayer
Corporation, Kansas City, MO
Quintec fungicide update. J. MUELLER. Dow AgroSciences,
Brentwood, CA
Control of Oomycete diseases of vegetable crops with
Gavel or Zoxium. R. SMITH (1), T. Duttle (2), B. Olson (3), A. Mcfadden
(4), and G. Kemmitt (5). Dow AgroSciences, (1) Fresno, CA, (2) Yakima,
WA, (3) Geneva, NY, (4) Guelph, ON Canada, and (5) Indianapolis,
IN
Management of tuber blight in potato with Gavel. A.
MCFADDEN (1), R. Smith (2), T. Duttle (3), B. Olson (4), J. Edmonds
(5), G. Kemmitt (6) and D. Young (7). Dow AgroSciences, (1) Guelph,
ON, Canada, (2) Fresno, CA, (3) Yakima, WA, (4) Geneva, NY, (5)
Abingdon, England, and (6) Indianapolis, IN
Development of a rapid immunostrip assay and ELISA
for the detection of Calibrachoa Mottle Virus. M. CHAMBERS, R. Geister,
D. Morrison, K. Blum, L. Hsing-Yeh, and M. Bandla. Agdia, Inc.,
Elkhart, IN
Bacterial ID - Rapid ELISAs for detection of Ralstonia
solanacearum, Clavibactor michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and
Xanthomonas campestris pv dieffenbachiae. B. SCHOEDEL and C. Sutula.
Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN
Update on new uses of Procure. J. FAJARDO (1), R.
Soufi (2) and S. Colbert (3). Crompton Corp., (1) Middlebury, CT,
(2) Bethany, CT, and (3) Fresno, CA
Charter PB - Seed treatment for wheat crown rot, root
rot, bunts, and smuts: Update on efficacy and seed safety. P. KAISER.
Aventis CropScience, Research Triangle Park, NC
New uses, new labels, and revised resistance management
directions for Aventis fungicides Rovral, Reason, and Scala. P.
KAISER. Aventis CropScience, Research Triangle Park, NC
BASF's turfgrass fungicides: The next generation.
H. WETZEL, III, J. Barnes, T. Hayden and K. Miller. BASF Specialty
Products, Research Triangle Park, NC
MIDAS (Iodomethane) soil fumigant, a new alternative
for the control of soilborne pathogens, weed seeds and nematodes
in strawberry and fresh market tomatoes. M. ALLAN and C. Schiller.
Arvesta Corporation, San Francisco, CA
Symposium: Plant Diseases Impacting Resource-Poor
Farmers in Developing Countries: Can They Be Successfully Controlled?
Sponsoring Committee: OIP Policies and Programs
Co-Sponsoring Committee(s): Integrated Pest Management,
Plant Disease Losses, OPAE, Tropical Plant Pathology
Organizer: H. Jesse Dubin, Frederick, MD
The symposium will focus on the realities of some significant
diseases in developing countries and successes and problems in their
management. The speakers will concentrate on methodology, innovativeness,
sustainability and profitability, and problems and issues related
to disease control, as well as the future of disease management
for resource poor farmers. Symposia of this type are particularly
important in today's globalized economy and ever-shrinking world.
APS members are exposed to the realities of farmers in developing
countries and how we can help them, and conversely, how they can
help us.
Introduction. G. ABAWI, Cornell University, Geneva,
NY
10,000 years of experience with sustainable plant
disease control. H.D. THURSTON. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
Controlling foliar blights of wheat in the rice-wheat
systems of Asia. E. DUVEILLER. CIMMYT South Asia, Kathmandu, Nepal
Management of Begomoviruses by resource poor farmers
in the tropics. P.K. ANDERSON (1), F.J. Morales (1), J.P. Legg (2),
and P.M. Hanson (3). (1) Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical,
Cali, Colombia; (2) International Institute of Tropical Agriculture,
Kampala, Uganda; (3) Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center,
Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
Late blight management in the Peruvian highlands.
K.A. GARRETT (1), O. Ortiz (2) and R. Nelson (3). (1) Kansas State
University, Manhattan; (2) International Potato Center, Lima, Peru;
(3) Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
Application of rice seed-associated antagonistic bacteria
to manage rice diseases in developing countries. T.W. MEW (1), R.
Pamplona (1), H. Barrios (1), L. Xiangmin (1), Z. Chen (2), F. Lu
(2), N. Nilpanit (3), P. Arunyanart (3), K.P. Van (4), and P.V.
Du (5). (1) International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila,
Philippines; (2) Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing,
China; (3) Dept. of Agriculture, Bangkok, Thailand; (4) Cantho University,
Vietnam; (5) Cuu Long Rice Research Institute, Vietnam
Discussion: Product Development in the Ornamental
Market
Sponsoring Committee: Biocontrol
Co-Sponsoring Committee(s): Chemical Control, Turfgrass
Pathology
Organizer: Ann R. Chase, Chase Research Gardens Inc.,
Mt. Aukum, CA
This session will explore the development of products in this
specialty market from the perspective of worldwide fungicide development,
needs of specialty markets compared to "target markets," and the
future of our industry. The speakers will present special insight
into the limits and benefits of working in a small, very unique
branch of the agchem industry.
Where are our new fungicides coming from? A.R. CHASE.
Chase Research Gardens, Inc., Mt. Aukum, CA
Historical overview--Ornamentals in the big picture.
D. HOUSEWORTH. Syngenta Crop Protection, Fernandina Beach, FL
Specialty company perspectives. M. BELL. SePRO Corporation,
Carmel, IN
Delivery systems for ornamentals. A. SECKINGER. Whitmire
Micro-Gen, St. Louis, MO
The university perspective. M. DAUGHTREY. Cornell
University, Riverhead, NY
Discussion: Real-Time PCR for Field Diagnosis
of Bacterial Diseases
Sponsoring Committee: Bacteriology
Co-Sponsoring Committee(s): Diagnostics
Organizer: Norm Schaad, USDA-ARS, Ft. Detrick, MD
Recent advances in real-time PCR technologies have paved the
way for PCR to become a routine tool in plant disease diagnostic
laboratories. This session will include a review of real-time PCR
techniques, use of a high throughput system for large numbers of
samples, description of newer rapid portable PCR platforms, and
examples of several protocols and assays for detecting bacterial
pathogens in natural samples.
Introduction. N. SCHAAD, USDA-ARS, Ft. Detrick, MD
Fluorescent, real-time PCR technologies: A review
and an update. J.S. SKAF. Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA
Use of real-time PCR and high throughput detection
of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. D. MILLS. Oregon
State University, Corvallis
Detection of plant pathogenic bacteria by real-time
PCR. D.E. STEAD, J.G. Elphinstone, S. Simpkins and S.A. Weller.
Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, UK
Use of real-time LightCycler-32 PCR system for detection
and identification of citrus canker. M.T. KINGSLEY. Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, Richland, WA
Rapid, real-time PCR with fully integrated specimen
preparation. W.A. MCMILLAN. Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
Use of portable real-time PCR for same-day on-site
field diagnosis of bacterial diseases. N.W. SCHAAD, P. Gaush, and
E. Postnikova. USDA-ARS, Ft. Detrick, MD
Symposium: Strobilurins and Turfgrass Disease
Management
Sponsoring Committee: Turfgrass Pathology
Organizer: Jon Powell, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
The first half of the program will address the history of QoI
(strobilurin) fungicides, their mode of action, and factors associated
with in vivo and in vitro assessment sensitivity of fungal pathogens
to this class of fungicides. The second half of the program will
explore the efficacy of these fungicides for managing turfgrass
diseases and issues pertaining to resistance management. This program
will offer opportunities for open discussions.
Introduction. J.F. POWELL, University of Minnesota,
St. Paul
Strobilurins and turfgrass disease management: Historical
review, mode of action and range of pathogen activity. F.P. WONG.
University of California, Riverside
A tricky class of fungicides: Challenges for in vitro
fungicide sensitivity testing. W. KOELLER. Cornell University, Geneva,
NY
Methods for assessing sensitivity of fungal pathogens
to QoI fungicides. G. OLAYA. Syngenta Ag Products, Vero Beach, FL
Open forum
Response of dollar spot to strobilurins and other
fungicides. W. UDDIN. Pennsylvania State University, University
Park
Case studies of strobilurin resistance in turfgrass:
Gray leaf spot. P. VINCELLI. University of Kentucky, Lexington
Molecular genetics of QOI resistance in Pyricularia
grisea from Perennial ryegrass. M.L. FARMAN. University of Kentucky,
Lexington
Case studies of strobilurin resistance in turfgrass:
Anthracnose. L. BURPEE. University of Georgia, Griffin
Overview of QOI resistance management strategies in
other cropping systems. H.L. YPEMA. BASF Corp., Durham, NC
Interactive session: Possible QOI resistance management
strategies in turfgrass disease management. J.F. POWELL. University
of Minnesota, St. Paul
Closing remarks. J.F. POWELL. University of Minnesota,
St. Paul
Professionalism/Service/Outreach
Discussion: Application of Quality Assurance
and ISO Certification to Plant Pathology
Sponsoring Committee: Plant Pathogen and Disease Detection
Organizers: C. André Lévesque, Agriculture and Agri-Food
Canada, Ottawa, ON, and Laurene Levy, USDA-APHIS, Beltsville, MD
There are issues related to quality assurance and laboratory
certification that all of us have to deal with at some point. The
objective of this session is to discuss the reasons for better quality
assurance or laboratory certification standards and the approaches
taken by different laboratories, companies and government agencies
to best achieve this goal.
Introduction. C. ANDRÉ LÉVESQUE, Agriculture and Agri-Food
Canada, Ottawa, ON
From confusion to compliance: The bumpy road to accrediting
a plant health diagnostic laboratory to ISO 17025. C.M. MASTERS.
Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Sidney, BC, Canada
Use of a Quality Management System (ISO:9000) in addressing
phytosanitary issues. G.L. LAMKA and W.E. DOLEZAL, Pioneer Hi-Bred
International, Inc., Johnston, IA
Agdia's journey on the road towards laboratory certification.
M.G. TIFFANY and C.L. Sutula. Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN
To ISO or not to ISO: APHIS and NSHS and their decision
not to require ISO certification of accredited labs. M.D. WARD.
USDA-APHIS, Riverdale, MD
Symposium: Extension and Teaching from a Distance
Sponsoring Committee: Extension
Co-Sponsoring Committee(s): Teaching
Organizers: Martin Draper, South Dakota State University,
Brookings, and Melissa Riley, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
Travel costs are increasing, student populations are becoming
more diverse and distributed, and universities are calling for technology
tools that improve instructional effectiveness and reduce the time
to develop and deliver instruction to both traditional and non-traditional
audiences. As a response, both teaching and extension programs are
being offered through various distributed learning environments.
In this session we will hear examples of existing programs and the
challenges of the future for distance education in plant pathology.
Introduction. M. DRAPER, South Dakota State University,
Brookings
Online core competency training for Kansas County
agricultural agents. D.J. JARDINE, K. Wright, G. Kepka, G. Snyder
and S. Bales. Kansas State University, Manhattan
Teaching plant pathology online to non-majors. C.A.
BAKER. University of Florida and Florida Division of Plant Industry,
Gainesville
Collaborative graduate teaching via Internet 2. J.E.
LEACH. Kansas State University, Manhattan
Teaching graduate level, laboratory-based plant pathology
via interactive television. G. J. HOLMES, P. B. Shoemaker and M.
A. Cubeta. North Carolina State University, Raleigh
Using the APSnet Education Center for online and residential
instruction. G.L. SCHUMANN. University of Massachusetts, Amherst
The arrival of standards for web-based instruction
and the re-thinking of distributed learning. E.W. MEACHEN. University
of Wisconsin System, Madison
Panel discussion
Discussion: The Food Quality Protection Act
(FQPA): Expected Impact on Agriculture and the Consumer
Sponsoring Committee: Chemical Control
Co-Sponsoring Committee(s): Integrated Pest Management
Organizer: Kent Smith, USDA, Washington, DC
This session is planned as an informal discussion of a federal
law enacted unanimously in 1996 that may have far-reaching effects
on disease management. We have convened a group of experts on its
implementation who have first-hand knowledge of its current and
expected impact. After this panel of experts answers each question,
the audience will have an opportunity to comment and pose additional
questions.
Panel discussion: The Food Quality Protection Act:
Expected impact on agriculture and the consumer. N.B. CARROLL (1),
H.D. COBLE (2), L.P. GIANESSI (3), M.K. HAUSBECK (4), P.I. LEWIS
(5), L.A. ROSSI (5), D.C. THOMPSON (6). (1) Syngenta, Greensboro,
NC; (2) USDA, North Carolina State University, Raleigh; (3) National
Center for Food and Agricultural Policy, Washington, DC; (4) Michigan
State University, East Lansing; (5) USEPA, Washington, DC; (6) IR-4,
Rutgers University, North Brunswick, NJ
Symposium: International Service in APS: Opportunities
Abroad for Aspiring Plant Pathologists
Sponsoring Committee: Graduate Student
Co-Sponsoring Committee(s): Office of International Programs
Organizers: Lynn Sosnoskie, Ohio State University, Wooster,
and George Abawi, Cornell University, Geneva, NY
This is a special time in our world's history. A time of openness,
a new period of enlightenment. Political borders are porous. Trade
is international. People are mobile. Information is abundant. But
with this movement towards increased accessibility, we are finding
that the problems faced in food production, especially those wrought
by plant pathogens, are superceding the established boundaries as
well. Agriculture is an international concern, and the dilemmas
faced by one nation are shared with its neighbors and colleagues.
We feel, that in this age of intense globalization, it is important
for young agricultural scientists to develop a better understanding
of the problems faced in foreign countries, as well as an appreciation
for the peoples and the cultures of the world. The featured speakers
in this symposium will address, using their own personal experiences
as examples, the challenges and, more importantly, the benefits
of seeking employment overseas.
Introduction. L.M. SOSNOSKIE, Ohio State University,
Wooster
Opportunities in international research for students.
K.A. GARRETT, Kansas State University, Manhattan
Skills base for international agricultural career
- Do you have the tools in your toolbox? K. CARDWELL. USDA CSREES,
Washington, DC
Career and family: Growth opportunities in international
agriculture. R.S. ZEIGLER. Kansas State University, Manhattan
Opportunities for international research collaborations.
A.R. BENNETT. USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD
International agriculture: A means to improve your
career. L. SEQUEIRA. University of Wisconsin, Madison
Title to be announced. I.A. SIDDIQUI. Croplife America,
Washington, DC
Discussion: Non-Traditional or Alternative Careers
in Plant Pathology
Sponsoring Committee: Women in Plant Pathology
Co-Sponsoring Committee(s): Private Practice, Placement,
Cultural Diversity
Organizers: Linda Hanson, USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, CO,
and William Cobb, Cobb Consulting Services, Kennewick, WA
This session will focus on some of the career possibilities
for plant pathologists that may not be as well known as positions
as academic professors. Presenters will discuss positions in areas
such as private practice, contract research, and regulatory agency
work. Open discussion of these and other career areas will follow.
Introduction. L. HANSON, USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, CO
Careers in plant risk assessment. C. THOMAS. FieldWise,
Inc., Bodega Bay, CA
My job as an educational program specialist in plant
pathology - I get to do all the things faculty wished they had time
for. K.L. SHELTON. University of Georgia, Athens
Private diagnostic plant clinic operation. O. RIBEIRO.
Ribeiro Plant Lab, Bainbridge Island, WA
Regulatory agencies such as Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service offer alternative careers for plant pathologists.
S.D. COHEN. USDA-APHIS, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
Discussion
Plant Pathology: A Positive Career Choice
Sponsoring Committee: Cultural Diversity
Organizer: Anne Dorrance, Ohio State University, Wooster
At this session we welcome undergraduate students who are members
of Minorities in Agriculture and Natural Resources and Related Sciences,
as well as APS members who represent the Societies' cultural diversity,
to learn more about plant pathology as a career. Topics to be covered
include an overview of the types of jobs plant pathologists hold,
where to look and how to apply for graduate school, as well as some
personal stories from members that focus on the paths that prepared
them for their careers.
Introduction. D.G. FERNANDO, University of Manitoba,
Winnipeg, MB, Canada
Welcome to APS and plant pathology. D.E. Mathre. Montana
State University, Bozeman
The what, where and how of APS and careers. C.J. D'ARCY.
University of Illinois, Urbana
Graduate schools - Where to look and how to apply.
R.C. ROWE. Ohio State University, Wooster
Extension/teaching as a career choice. T.L. KIRKPATRICK.
University of Arkansas, Hope
Discussion:
Public Policy Board, Progress and Vision
Sponsoring Committee: Public Policy Board
Organizer: O.W. Barnett, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh
The APS Public Policy Board (PPB) has been actively involved
with issues related to plant pathology. You are invited to attend
this session to learn more about what the APS PPB does on your behalf
and to give the board your suggestions of other activities needed
to enhance plant pathology.
Biosecurity forum and presidential letters. J. FLETCHER.
Oklahoma State University, Stillwater
Microbial genomics, priorities and Whitehead meeting.
S. GOLD. University of Georgia, Athens
Plant-associated microbe genomics workshop. J. LEACH.
Kansas State University, Manhattan
Progress on the DC front. K. EVERSOLE. Eversole Associates,
Chevy Chase, MD
Plant pathogen permitting - Response to FR. S. TOLIN.
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg
Visit with USDA undersecretary. J. AMADOR. Texas Agricultural
Experiment Station, Weslaco
Mid-year contacts in DC. B. CARROLL. Syngenta Crop
Protection, Greensboro, NC
Seed pathology and food safety. D. MCGEE, Iowa State
University, Ames
Sustainable agriculture initiative. J.SHERWOOD. University
of Georgia, Athens
Discussion and impact. D. STUCKEY. Surprise, AZ
Workshop: Resources and Funding for Plant Pathology Outreach
Sponsoring Committee: Youth Programs Organizer: Kisha Shelton, University of Georgia, Athens
Teachers, are you tired of teaching the same old basic concepts
in science classes? APS members, are you wanting to reach out to
area schools and organizations to get them interested in plant pathology
but not sure how? Well, the Youth Programs Committee would like
to give you the opportunity to explore the answer to these and many
other questions that you may have. The Resources and Funding for
Plant Pathology Outreach Workshop is being presented to middle and
high school teachers and APS members. Speakers will focus on ideas
they have put into action and how you can do the same. We will also
offer you the chance to visit five demonstration tables to learn
a little about plant pathology. Each demonstration table will consist
of an exercise that you can take back to the classroom. The workshop
will help bring new life to you classroom and help make you outreach
more effective.
Introduction. K.L. SHELTON, University of Georgia,
Athens
Girls and SHADES: The future is so bright. K. D. GWINN.
University of Tennesee, Knoxville
The APSnet Education Center: New free resources for
teachers. G.L. SCHUMANN. University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Plants in the classroom. D.L. SCHADLER. Oglethorpe
University, Atlanta, GA
Demonstrations:
- Symptoms and signs. J.H. BROCK. University of Georgia, Tifton
- Bacteria and Kochs Postulates. R.B. CARROLL and T.A. Evans.
University of Delaware, Newark
- Using the Internet. D.M. EASTBURN. University of Illinois, Urbana
- Nematodes. G.L. TYLKA. Iowa State University
- DNA the easy way. G.L. SCHUMANN. University of Massachusetts,
Amherst
Special Demonstration
Assess:
Image Analysis Software for Plant Disease Quantification
9:00 - 10:00 a.m. 202A
L. Lamari. Plant Science Department, University of Manitoba,
Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada.
This new and affordable Windows-based image analysis software provides fast, accurate, and routine disease measurement. Also optimized for measurement of ground cover, root length, and counting and sizing of objects, this powerful tool presents a user-friendly, intuitive interface - making disease quantification possible without expertise in computer science or image analysis.
This special session offers a short review of concepts and issues encountered in automated plant disease assessment, a live demonstration including: measurement of leaf area, foliar diseases (% leaf damage), ground cover, root length, object (lesions, seed, etc.) counting, sizing and characterization, followed by a short question and answer period. Attend this session and receive a special offer from APS PRESS!
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APS 2002 Annual Meeting
