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Selected References

Apple, J.L. 1962. Physiological specialization within Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. Phytopathology 52:351-354.

Carlson, S.R., M.F. Wolff, H.D. Shew, and E.A. Wernsman. 1997. Inheritance of resistance to race 0 of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae from the flue-cured tobacco cultivar Coker 371-Gold. Plant Disease 81:1269-1274.

Csinos, A.S. 2005. Relationship of isolate origin to pathogenicity of race 0 and 1 of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae on tobacco cultivars. Plant Disease 89:332-337.

Csinos, A.S. 1999. Stem and root resistance to tobacco black shank. Plant Disease 83:777-780.

Erwin, D.C., and Ribeiro, O.K. 1996. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, MN.

Ferrin, D.M., and D.J. Mitchell. 1986. Influence of initial density and distribution of inoculum on the epidemiology of tobacco black shank. Phytopathology 76:1153-1158.

Hickman, C.J. 1970. Biology of Phytophthora zoospores. Phytopathology 60:1128-1135.

Johnson, E.S., M.F. Wolff, E.A Wernsman, W.R. Atchley, and H.D. Shew. 2002. Origin of the black shank resistance gene, Ph, in tobacco cultivar Coker 371-Gold. Plant Disease 86:1080-1084.

Jones, K.J., and H.D. Shew. 1995. Early season root production and zoospore infection of cultivars of flue-cured tobacco that differ in level of partial resistance to Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. Plant Soil 172:55-61.

Kannwischer, M.E., and D.J. Mitchell. 1978. The influence of a fungicide on the epidemiology of black shank of tobacco. Phytopathology 68:1760-1765.

Lucas, G.B. 1975. Diseases of Tobacco. 3rd ed. Biological Consulting Associates, Raleigh, NC.

Shew, H.D. 1987. Effect of host resistance on spread of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae and the subsequent development of tobacco black shank under field conditions. Phytopathology 77:1090-1093.

Shew, H.D., and G.B. Lucas. 1991. Compendium of Tobacco Diseases. American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, MN.

Sullivan, M.J., T.A. Melton, and H.D. Shew. 2005. Managing the race structure of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae with cultivar rotation. Plant Disease 89:1285-1294.

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